Seasonal variations in feed-water chemistry and fouling dynamics of reverse-osmosis systems: A global climate lens by Nasser Zareei (22921226)

“…Second, static protocols impose severe performance penalties: flux decline rates can reach 70–85 %, membrane cleaning frequency doubling, and energy consumption rising despite viscosity-driven efficiency gains in warm periods, demonstrating that single-parameter optimization fails under coupled thermal-chemical-biological forcing. …”