Algorithm process. by Wei Cui (92129)

“…This paper aims to address these challenges by proposing an automated DDoS attack detection algorithm using the Informer model. We introduce a windowing technique to segment network traffic into manageable samples, which are then input into the Informer for feature extraction and classification. …”

Processed results from ECG data with the P-T algorithm. by Daehyun Kwon (11985629)

“…<p>(a) ECG time series after applying the P-T algorithm, (b) spectrogram, (c) polar spectrogram, and (d) reverse polar spectrogram. …”

The run time for each algorithm in seconds. by Edward Antonian (21453161)

“…We find evidence that the generalised GLS-KGR algorithm is well-suited to such time-series applications, outperforming several standard techniques on this dataset.…”

Data generation algorithm. by Aluwani Ramalata (21262977)

Improve algorithm settings. by Hui Zhao (7395)

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The relevant code in the manuscript can be found in the supporting information data file. by Xini Fang (20861990)

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Structure of the Kuhn-Munkres Algorithm. by Qingnan Ji (22662198)

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The average running time of all competing algorithms. by Genliang Li (5816264)

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Running time in the PPO process. by Yunhu Huang (21402795)

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The AUC of each model was calculated using 113 ML algorithm. by Xuefen Lin (17785367)

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User satisfaction scores for different algorithms. by Qingnan Ji (22662198)

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Hyperparameters of self-supervised learning algorithms used in Experiments 1–5. by Lalit Pandey (13195488)

The main components and data flow of the proposed algorithm. by Raed Alharthi (18340157)

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Comparative performance evaluation of 3Mont with other feature selection algorithms over 10 iterations. by Miray Unlu Yazici (14792680)

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Security algorithm framework. by Ali Shahzad (15251641)

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DASR algorithm flow chart. by Shinan Ding (20783580)

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Performance of different machine learning algorithms. by Apichat Suratanee (634281)

Summary of the metrics of the different trained algorithms that performed best in the Testing process for each dataset. by Jaime B. Matas-Bustos (21772430)

Average processing time versus GPU utilization. by Shinan Ding (20783580)

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Data after data processing. by Jiaqi Wang (369548)

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