Overview of the algorithm used to calculate Lyapunov exponents for assessing the stability and chaotic behavior of dynamical systems. by Adil Jhangeer (9711917)

Benchmark functions T-test for the proposed and compared algorithms. by El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (14581088)

Proposed algorithm convergence curves versus other competing algorithms for the seven benchmark functions. by El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (14581088)

Curves of sigmoid functions used in our proposed algorithm. by Binh Thanh Dang (12368831)

“…<p>Curves of sigmoid functions used in our proposed algorithm.</p>…”

Proposed algorithm mean and standard deviation (StDev) versus compared algorithms for the benchmark functions. by El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (14581088)

Illustration of methods based on Green’s function first-passage algorithms. by Jean Marc Tregan (15195173)

“…<p>Illustration of methods based on Green’s function first-passage algorithms.…”

Empirical cumulative distribution function of RMSE for three sources. by Nauman Ahmed (8086868)

Empirical cumulative distribution function of RMSE for two sources. by Nauman Ahmed (8086868)

Empirical cumulative distribution function of RMSE for four sources. by Nauman Ahmed (8086868)

Flowchart for the genetic algorithm used in this article. by Behnam Kia (6111551)

The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm RMSE is based on the objective function compared to different algorithms. by Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

“…<p>The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm RMSE is based on the objective function compared to different algorithms.…”

The used test functions in the evaluation. by Xuan Chen (158617)

Subjects:

Box plot of the ADGWDTO and competing algorithms for the seven benchmark functions. by El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (14581088)

Performance profile of the four algorithms based on the function value of iteration number. by Sulaiman M. Ibrahim (20614376)

“…<p>Performance profile of the four algorithms based on the function value of iteration number.…”

Results of searching performance of the improved NAG algorithm on Rosenbrock function, Ackley function, and Rastrigin function. by Rui Zhang (13940)

Results of searching performance of different algorithm models on the Rosenbrock function, Ackley function, and Rastrigin function. by Rui Zhang (13940)

Flowchart of proposed fitness function algorithm. by Ferhat Yuna (21519851)

Subjects:

Final assignment algorithm. by Negin Alisoltani (11949357)

Results of searching performance of different algorithm models on the Sphere function and Griewank function. by Rui Zhang (13940)

Results of searching performance of the improved NAG algorithm on Sphere function and Griewank function. by Rui Zhang (13940)