Standard benchmark functions [42]. by Junhao Wei (6816803)

“…<div><p>Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) suffers from issues such as premature convergence, low population diversity in the later stages of iteration, slow convergence rate, low convergence accuracy, and an imbalance between exploration and exploitation. …”

Statistical results of various algorithms. by ZeSheng Lin (20501356)

“…Finally, a novel Levy flight was implemented to promote the diversity of whale distribution. Results from experiments confirm that the enhanced WOA algorithm outperforms the standard WOA algorithm in terms of both fitness value and convergence speed. …”

F4 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F5 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F1 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F6 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F7 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F10 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F9 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F2 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F8 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

F3 function and convergence curve graph. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

PyNoetic’s classification module supports a range of popular and widely used ML classification models with just a single line of function call. by Gursimran Singh (575288)

Subjects:

Classical benchmark functions [39]. by Junhao Wei (6816803)

“…<div><p>Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a biologically inspired metaheuristic algorithm with a simple structure and ease of implementation. …”

Iteration curves of different algorithms. by Tengfei Ma (597633)

“…The optimal individual’s position is updated by randomly selecting from these factors, enhancing the algorithm’s ability to attain the global optimum and increasing its overall robustness. …”

Flowchart of OP-ZOA algorithm. by Tengfei Ma (597633)

“…The optimal individual’s position is updated by randomly selecting from these factors, enhancing the algorithm’s ability to attain the global optimum and increasing its overall robustness. …”

Speech spectrogram extracted from speech signal processed by short time Fourier transform method. by Li Jiashen (20552690)

Summary of the contrasts obtained from the normalized images for both inclusions as a function of the host type and the wavelength. by María Victoria Waks-Serra (21578611)

The values of operation and protection indices obtained from optimization. by Mohammad Hassan Tanha (19832141)

Matlab code of a function used in S2 File. by Hiroko Kato Solvang (5718250)