An expectation-maximization algorithm for finding noninvadable stationary states. by Robert Marsland (8616483)

“…<i>(c)</i> Pseudocode for self-consistently computing <b>R</b>* and , which is identical to standard expectation-maximization algorithms employed for problems with latent variables in machine learning.…”

Explained variance ration of the PCA algorithm. by Abeer Aljohani (18497914)

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ROC analysis of the Machine Learning Algorithm. by Stephan Ellmann (314565)

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Activation functions: Sigmoid function and ReLU function. by Wan-Hua Zhang (21601139)

Optimization algorithms performance comparison across benchmark functions. by Sundreen Asad Kamal (20390818)

“…<p>Optimization algorithms performance comparison across benchmark functions.…”

WGCNA and machine learning algorithms. by Shushu Wang (6870191)

Listed python codes of our algorithm with explanations (Python 3.9 recommended). by Takayuki Niizato (162226)

The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm RMSE is based on the objective function compared to different algorithms. by Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

“…<p>The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm RMSE is based on the objective function compared to different algorithms.…”

Convergence curves of the IMGO algorithm and comparison algorithms on functions <i>f</i>14−<i>f</i>23. by Ying Li (38224)

“…<p>Convergence curves of the IMGO algorithm and comparison algorithms on functions <i>f</i>14−<i>f</i>23.…”

Convergence curves of the IMGO algorithm and comparison algorithms on functions <i>f</i>8−<i>f</i>13. by Ying Li (38224)

“…<p>Convergence curves of the IMGO algorithm and comparison algorithms on functions <i>f</i>8−<i>f</i>13.…”

Critical values of membership functions learned from the study cohort by the algorithm. by Yufeng Zhang (195768)

Flowchart of the proposed algorithm. by Heewon Chung (2881286)

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Objective function values of different algorithms on individual problem instances. by Panfei Li (22379086)

“…<p>Objective function values of different algorithms on individual problem instances.…”

Rule-in and rule-out criteria provided by the machine learning algorithm. by Stephan Ellmann (314565)

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The structure of the proposed algorithm. by Mingbao Yang (14008799)

The proposed feature extraction algorithm. by Ali Ahmed (2567584)

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AIF and VOF derived features used to feed the machine learning algorithms. by Ezequiel de la Rosa (11361108)

Model selection for machine learning algorithm based on microbial abundances. by Elio L. Herzog (11576876)

Subjects: “…applying independent algorithms…”

Benchmark functions. by Mingjun Li (178925)

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Unimodal benchmark functions. by Rahila Hafiz (18137254)

“…We conduct simulation experiments and compare the proposed algorithm with the original WOA on thirteen benchmark test functions. …”