Improved the GWO principle of the golden sine algorithm. by Wei Liu (20030)

Elapsed time of algorithms on benchmark functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Python implementation of the Trajectory Adaptive Multilevel Sampling algorithm for rare events and improvements by Pascal Wang (10130612)

“…In `main.py`, the parameters for the TAMS algorithm are specified (trajectory time, time step, score function, number of particles, type of score threshold, maximum number of iterations, noise level etc.). …”

Average mean values by algorithms on benchmark functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Standard deviation (SD) of algorithms on benchmark functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Simulation Results Plot of the SBW System Response: (a) Step response curve of the SBW system; (b) Sine response curve of the SBW system; (c) Steady state error curve of the SBW sy... by Honglei Pang (22693724)

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Simulation Results Plot of the EMB System Response: (a) Step response curve of the EMB system; (b) Sine response curve of the EMB system; (c) Steady state error curve of the EMB sy... by Honglei Pang (22693724)

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Convergence performance of MSCA algorithm on unimodal and multimodal functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Convergence performance of MSCA algorithm on multimodal and composite functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Algorithm 1. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Listed python codes of our algorithm with explanations (Python 3.9 recommended). by Takayuki Niizato (162226)

The workflow of the proposed MSCA algorithm. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Unimodal benchmark functions. by Yu-Jun Zhang (185411)

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Comparison of UACI among different algorithms. by Feixian Liu (22477943)

“…Based on the 2D-SQSM, this paper further designs a highly robust color image encryption algorithm. First, by introducing different hash functions multiple times, the correlation between the key and plaintext is enhanced, significantly improving resistance against brute-force attacks; second, cyclic shifting and segmentation-recombination operations are applied separately to the three RGB channels to effectively disrupt pixel distribution and significantly reduce spatial correlation between pixels; finally, the chaotic sequence generated by the 2D-SQSM is utilized for XOR diffusion, further enhancing the randomness and diffusion capability of the ciphertext. …”

Comparison of NPCR among different algorithms. by Feixian Liu (22477943)

“…Based on the 2D-SQSM, this paper further designs a highly robust color image encryption algorithm. First, by introducing different hash functions multiple times, the correlation between the key and plaintext is enhanced, significantly improving resistance against brute-force attacks; second, cyclic shifting and segmentation-recombination operations are applied separately to the three RGB channels to effectively disrupt pixel distribution and significantly reduce spatial correlation between pixels; finally, the chaotic sequence generated by the 2D-SQSM is utilized for XOR diffusion, further enhancing the randomness and diffusion capability of the ciphertext. …”

Properties of the benchmark functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Two-dimensional multimodal functions. by Yu-Jun Zhang (185411)

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Multi-dimensional multimodal functions. by Yu-Jun Zhang (185411)

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Initialization parameter values for the comparison algorithms. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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Mathematical formulae of the benchmark functions. by Muhammad Zubair Rehman (11243478)

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