Algorithm Parameter Setting. حسب Tong Zhou (3770)

"…This strategy uses the improved D3QN algorithm combined with the excellent smoothness of the sine function to evaluate driving safety, helping vehicles find suitable gaps in traffic flow. …"

Benchmark functions. حسب Qinghe Guo (21519322)

Details of the metaheuristic algorithms. حسب Yanzhao Gu (21192659)

"…The experimental results showed that GWOA achieved better convergence speed and solution accuracy than other algorithms in most test functions, especially in multimodal and compositional optimization problems, with an Overall Efficiency (OE) value of 74.46%. …"

Standard benchmark functions. حسب Yanzhao Gu (21192659)

"…The experimental results showed that GWOA achieved better convergence speed and solution accuracy than other algorithms in most test functions, especially in multimodal and compositional optimization problems, with an Overall Efficiency (OE) value of 74.46%. …"

Ave and Std of different algorithms. حسب Yanzhao Gu (21192659)

"…The experimental results showed that GWOA achieved better convergence speed and solution accuracy than other algorithms in most test functions, especially in multimodal and compositional optimization problems, with an Overall Efficiency (OE) value of 74.46%. …"

Parameter settings for metaheuristic algorithm. حسب Yanzhao Gu (21192659)

"…The experimental results showed that GWOA achieved better convergence speed and solution accuracy than other algorithms in most test functions, especially in multimodal and compositional optimization problems, with an Overall Efficiency (OE) value of 74.46%. …"

Simulation Results Plot of the SBW System Response: (a) Step response curve of the SBW system; (b) Sine response curve of the SBW system; (c) Steady state error curve of the SBW sy... حسب Honglei Pang (22693724)

Simulation Results Plot of the EMB System Response: (a) Step response curve of the EMB system; (b) Sine response curve of the EMB system; (c) Steady state error curve of the EMB sy... حسب Honglei Pang (22693724)

Convergence curves for multimodal function test. حسب Qinghe Guo (21519322)

Convergence curves for unimodal function test. حسب Qinghe Guo (21519322)

Diagnosis network model flowchart. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Principal of SCA. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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DBO-VMD optimization method parameters. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Loss ratio of models. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Time domain diagram after decomposition. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Bearing fault types and parameters. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Diagnosis accuracy of models after adding noise. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Frequency domain diagram after decomposition. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Model diagnosis results. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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Noise decrease rate comparison. حسب Xianlin Ren (22783589)

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