WKPCA dimension reduction algorithm flow. by Wen Bo Liu (11559222)

Flow chart of the analysis steps in this study. by Junjie Su (368807)

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Design and implementation of DelaySSA. The input data for DelaySSA are reaction information, initial states, parameters and delays. Combining these into the simulation function, th... by Ziyan Jin (21021976)

Improved BP network algorithm flow. by Wang Xiaoqian (10502222)

The flow chart of harmony search-based OED using a double nested loops. by Wei Zhang (405)

Accelerated Chemical Reaction Optimization Using Multi-Task Learning by Connor J. Taylor (12767975)

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Comparison of algorithms in two cases. by Yi Tao (178829)

Subjects: “…evolutionary genetic algorithm…”

ADT: A Generalized Algorithm and Program for Beyond Born–Oppenheimer Equations of “<i>N</i>” Dimensional Sub-Hilbert Space by Koushik Naskar (7510592)

“…The “ADT” program can be efficiently used to (a) formulate analytic functional forms of differential equations for ADT angles and diabatic potential energy matrix and (b) solve the set of coupled differential equations numerically to evaluate ADT angles, residue due to singularity­(ies), ADT matrices, and finally, diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs). …”

Flow diagram of the reachable workspace. by Zesheng Wang (15244172)

“…Measurement points are then selected uniformly throughout the workspace using the farthest point sampling algorithm. An objective function for the GA is constructed by integrating the actuator displacement errors from each kinematic chain with the overall pose error of the moving platform. …”

A generic proteomics flow. by Muhammad Usman Tariq (11022141)

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The organizational flow of the study. by Jennifer Hornung Garvin (20765727)

“…The QuPI supplemented and facilitated the use of standard algorithms for fall risk assessment. …”

An expectation-maximization algorithm for finding noninvadable stationary states. by Robert Marsland (8616483)

Loss function values of target detection algorithms during training. by Guodong Su (7876934)

Flow chart of the simulated annealing algorithm [37]. by Jiahao Chen (194408)

Algoritmo de clasificación de expresiones de odio por tipos en español (Algorithm for classifying hate expressions by type in Spanish) by Daniel Pérez Palau (11097348)

“…</p><h2>Model Architecture</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is based on <code>pysentimiento/robertuito-base-uncased</code> with the following modifications:</p><ul><li>A dense classification layer was added over the base model</li><li>Uses input IDs and attention masks as inputs</li><li>Generates a multi-class classification with 5 hate categories</li></ul><h2>Dataset</h2><p dir="ltr"><b>HATEMEDIA Dataset</b>: Custom hate speech dataset with categorization by type:</p><ul><li><b>Labels</b>: 5 hate type categories (0-4)</li><li><b>Preprocessing</b>:</li><li>Null values ​​removed from text and labels</li><li>Reindexing and relabeling (original labels are adjusted by subtracting 1)</li><li>Exclusion of category 2 during training</li><li>Conversion of category 5 to category 2</li></ul><h2>Training Process</h2><h3>Configuration</h3><ul><li><b>Batch size</b>: 128</li><li><b>Epoches</b>: 5</li><li><b>Learning rate</b>: 2e-5 with 10% warmup steps</li><li><b>Early stopping</b> with patience=2</li><li><b>Class weights</b>: Balanced to handle class imbalance</li></ul><h3>Custom Metrics</h3><ul><li>Recall for specific classes (focus on class 2)</li><li>Precision for specific classes (focus on class 3)</li><li>F1-score (weighted)</li><li>AUC-PR</li><li>Recall at precision=0.6 (class 3)</li><li>Precision at recall=0.6 (class 2)</li></ul><h2>Evaluation Metrics</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is evaluated using:</p><ul><li>Macro recall, precision, and F1-score</li><li>One-vs-Rest AUC</li><li>Accuracy</li><li>Per-class metrics</li><li>Confusion matrix</li><li>Full classification report</li></ul><h2>Technical Features</h2><h3>Data Preprocessing</h3><ul><li><b>Tokenization</b>: Maximum length of 128 tokens (truncation and padding)</li><li><b>Encoding of labels</b>: One-hot encoding for multi-class classification</li><li><b>Data split</b>: 80% training, 10% validation, 10% testing</li></ul><h3>Optimization</h3><ul><li><b>Optimizer</b>: Adam with linear warmup scheduling</li><li><b>Loss function</b>: Categorical Crossentropy (from_logits=True)</li><li><b>Imbalance handling</b>: Class weights computed automatically</li></ul><h2>Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr">The following Python packages are required:</p><ul><li>TensorFlow</li><li>Transformers</li><li>scikit-learn</li><li>pandas</li><li>datasets</li><li>matplotlib</li><li>seaborn</li><li>numpy</li></ul><h2>Usage</h2><ol><li><b>Data format</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>CSV file or Pandas DataFrame</li><li>Required column name: <code>text</code> (string type)</li><li>Required column name: Data type label (integer type, 0-4) - optional for evaluation</li></ul><ol><li><b>Text preprocessing</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>Automatic tokenization with a maximum length of 128 tokens</li><li>Long texts will be automatically truncated</li><li>Handling of special characters, URLs, and emojis included</li></ul><ol><li><b>Label encoding</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>The model classifies hate speech into 5 categories (0-4)</li><li><code>0</code>: Political hatred: Expressions directed against individuals or groups based on political orientation.…”

Complementary cumulative distribution functions of in degree distribution and fitted power law, lognormal and truncated power law distributions. by Olga Valba (10531121)

Details of path flows and path travel times by the proposed algorithms. by C. K. Wong (3224922)

Flow chart of the experimental procedure. by Yufeng He (5673119)

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Flowchart for the genetic algorithm used in this article. by Behnam Kia (6111551)

Effect of model hyperparameters on decision function. by Bernhard Vennemann (7434353)

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