Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). حسب João Albuquerque (12936572)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm حسب Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

"…In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates </p><p dir="ltr">Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification and a binary Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) </p><p dir="ltr">algorithm for feature selection. …"

The illustration depicts our CQ-CNN architecture for binary image classification. حسب Mominul Islam (3513758)

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections حسب Max Weng (22327159)

"…To address this, the research integrates a modified A* pathfinding algorithm with a U-Net convolutional neural network, a custom statistical binary classification method, and a personalized Min-Max connectivity threshold to automate the detection of astrocyte connectivity.…"

Classification performance of ML and DL models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Classification performance after optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

The data processing and analysis pipeline. حسب Xin Zhang (35492)

MSE for ILSTM algorithm in binary classification. حسب Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

"…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …"

The confidence curve of a binary image. حسب Dingming Yang (8505990)

Statistical summary of all models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

DE algorithm flow. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …"

Bayesian Spatial Binary Regression for Label Fusion in Structural Neuroimaging حسب D. Andrew Brown (6584837)

Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

An example of 2-dimensional non-linearly separable and non-separable data for binary classification. حسب Yuji Oyamada (11714754)

ANOVA test for optimization results. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Wilcoxon test results for optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Binary classification accuracy and DR comparison on NSL-KDD. حسب Arshad Hashmi (13835488)

Test results of different algorithms. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …"

Processes in the bagged tree ensemble classification in our experiment. حسب Rinrada Tanthanathewin (18611171)