Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

MSE for ILSTM algorithm in binary classification. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”

The flowchart showing the optimization process of the hybrid methods using BEOSA as the base algorithm and SA and FFA as integrated algorithms. by Olaide N. Oyelade (14047002)

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Comparison between other methods in literature using KDDTest+ for binary classification. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

The result of the accuracy of tested algorithms. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Feature selection ratio results for tested algorithms. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Best fitness value results for tested algorithms. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Mean fitness value results for tested algorithms. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Standard deviation of fitness value results for tested algorithms. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Optimizing Kernel Transformations to Handle Binary Class Imbalanced Dataset Classification by Vaibhavi Patel (19843282)

a) Accuracy and b) selected feature size of algorithms on the COVID-19 dataset. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Boxplots analysis of the tested algorithms using average error rate across 21 datasets. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

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Schematic of iteration process of IDE-IIGA. by Ling Zhao (111365)

An optimization process of the proposed hybrid BEOSA (HBEOSA) combining both SA and FFA methods into BEOSA. by Olaide N. Oyelade (14047002)

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Feature selection process. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Proposed Algorithm. by Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

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Homomorphic binary tree. by Jianhua He (341366)

<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. by Michela C. Massi (14599915)

Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). by João Albuquerque (12936572)