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121
Supplementary file 1_Comparative evaluation of fast-learning classification algorithms for urban forest tree species identification using EO-1 hyperion hyperspectral imagery.docx
Published 2025“…</p>Methods<p>Thirteen supervised classification algorithms were comparatively evaluated, encompassing traditional spectral/statistical classifiers—Maximum Likelihood, Mahalanobis Distance, Minimum Distance, Parallelepiped, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral Information Divergence (SID), and Binary Encoding—and machine learning algorithms including Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). …”
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122
Summary of LITNET-2020 dataset.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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123
SHAP analysis for LITNET-2020 dataset.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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124
Comparison of intrusion detection systems.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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125
Parameter setting for CBOA and PSO.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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126
NSL-KDD dataset description.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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127
The architecture of LSTM cell.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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128
The architecture of ILSTM.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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129
Parameter setting for LSTM.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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130
LITNET-2020 data splitting approach.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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131
Transformation of symbolic features in NSL-KDD.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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132
Pseudo Code of RBMO.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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133
P-value on CEC-2017(Dim = 30).
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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134
Memory storage behavior.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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135
Elite search behavior.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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136
Description of the datasets.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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137
S and V shaped transfer functions.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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138
S- and V-Type transfer function diagrams.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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139
Collaborative hunting behavior.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”
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140
Friedman average rank sum test results.
Published 2025“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. …”