The parameter settings of the RF algorithm after parameter optimization. by Xini Fang (20861990)

The confusion matrix for six algorithmic models. by Chan Xu (1510759)

Parameter optimization results of the RF model improved by FCM clustering. by Xini Fang (20861990)

a) Accuracy and b) selected feature size of algorithms on the COVID-19 dataset. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

Optimized model prediction performance. by Guang Tu (22054865)

Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). by João Albuquerque (12936572)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Optimizing Kernel Transformations to Handle Binary Class Imbalanced Dataset Classification by Vaibhavi Patel (19843282)

Schematic of iteration process of IDE-IIGA. by Ling Zhao (111365)

Calibration plot of the apparent and optimism-corrected models. by Dominika Szabo (14129304)

Feature selection process. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

Proposed Algorithm. by Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

“…To enhance the offloading decision-making process, the algorithm incorporates the Newton-Raphson method for fast and efficient optimization of the computation rate under energy constraints. …”

Homomorphic binary tree. by Jianhua He (341366)

<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. by Michela C. Massi (14599915)

Flowchart of simple ant colony algorithm. by Yang Yu (4292)

“…Utilizing this model, an enhanced Risk-Time Ant Colony Optimization (RT-ACO) routing algorithm is proposed, which builds upon the traditional ant colony algorithm. …”

Comparisons between ADAM and NADAM optimizers. by Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

“…To enhance the offloading decision-making process, the algorithm incorporates the Newton-Raphson method for fast and efficient optimization of the computation rate under energy constraints. …”

Changes of risk value under different parameters. by Yang Yu (4292)

“…Utilizing this model, an enhanced Risk-Time Ant Colony Optimization (RT-ACO) routing algorithm is proposed, which builds upon the traditional ant colony algorithm. …”

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections by Max Weng (22327159)

“…To address this, the research integrates a modified A* pathfinding algorithm with a U-Net convolutional neural network, a custom statistical binary classification method, and a personalized Min-Max connectivity threshold to automate the detection of astrocyte connectivity.…”

Comparison of ROC performance before and after optimization. by Guang Tu (22054865)

The robustness test results of the model. by Xini Fang (20861990)

“…<div><p>To enhance the accuracy and response speed of the risk early warning system, this study develops a novel early warning system that combines the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm and the Random Forest (RF) model. …”