Initial parameter settings for the optimization algorithms. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Bar chart comparing the average fitness values of various feature selection algorithms. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Box plots with swarm overlays for six feature selection algorithms, annotated with mean and standard deviation values. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Line plots showing performance trends for six evaluation metrics across CNN combined with different bio-inspired optimization algorithms. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Correlation heatmap of performance scores among different feature selection algorithms: bOcOA, bPSO, bGWO, bFA, bGA, and bWAO. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Density distribution plot of performance metrics for various feature selection algorithms: bOcOA, bPSO, bGWO, bFA, bGA, and bWAO. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Homomorphic binary tree. حسب Jianhua He (341366)

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm حسب Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

"…By leveraging the binary GWO algorithm to optimize the feature selection </p><p dir="ltr">process and CNNs for image classification, the proposed approach reduces computational costs while increasing </p><p dir="ltr">classification accuracy. …"

Classification baseline performance. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

"…Crucially, this optimization also results in a substantial clinical performance gain, with sensitivity increasing from 86.02% to 98.34% (+12.32%), specificity rising from 86.53% to 98.14% (+11.61%), and the false negative rate being significantly reduced, thereby enhancing diagnostic reliability in critical scenarios. …"

Feature selection results. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

"…Crucially, this optimization also results in a substantial clinical performance gain, with sensitivity increasing from 86.02% to 98.34% (+12.32%), specificity rising from 86.53% to 98.14% (+11.61%), and the false negative rate being significantly reduced, thereby enhancing diagnostic reliability in critical scenarios. …"

ANOVA test result. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

"…Crucially, this optimization also results in a substantial clinical performance gain, with sensitivity increasing from 86.02% to 98.34% (+12.32%), specificity rising from 86.53% to 98.14% (+11.61%), and the false negative rate being significantly reduced, thereby enhancing diagnostic reliability in critical scenarios. …"

Summary of literature review. حسب Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

"…Crucially, this optimization also results in a substantial clinical performance gain, with sensitivity increasing from 86.02% to 98.34% (+12.32%), specificity rising from 86.53% to 98.14% (+11.61%), and the false negative rate being significantly reduced, thereby enhancing diagnostic reliability in critical scenarios. …"

Algorithm for generating hyperparameter. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Results of machine learning algorithm. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

ROC comparison of machine learning algorithm. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Best optimizer results of Lightbgm. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Best optimizer results of Adaboost. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Best optimizer results of Lightbgm. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Random forest with hyperparameter optimization. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"

Best optimizer results of KNN. حسب Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

"…Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …"