Proposed Algorithm. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Comparisons between ADAM and NADAM optimizers. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Effects of Class Imbalance and Data Scarcity on the Performance of Binary Classification Machine Learning Models Developed Based on ToxCast/Tox21 Assay Data حسب Changhun Kim (682542)

"…Therefore, the resampling algorithm employed should vary depending on the data distribution to achieve optimal classification performance. …"

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections حسب Max Weng (22327159)

"…Connections were labeled as disconnected, networked, or connected based on path existence and threshold criteria.…"

An Example of a WPT-MEC Network. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Related Work Summary. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Simulation parameters. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Training losses for N = 10. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Normalized computation rate for N = 10. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Summary of Notations Used in this paper. حسب Hend Bayoumi (22693738)

"…EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …"

Improved support vector machine classification algorithm based on adaptive feature weight updating in the Hadoop cluster environment حسب Jianfang Cao (1881379)

"…<div><p>An image classification algorithm based on adaptive feature weight updating is proposed to address the low classification accuracy of the current single-feature classification algorithms and simple multifeature fusion algorithms. …"

Design and implementation of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) algorithm for predicting the severity of COVID-19. حسب Jiaqing Luo (10975030)

"…<p>(A). The MCDM algorithm-Stage 1. Preprocessing, this stage is the process of refining the collected raw data to eliminate noise, including correlation analysis and feature selection based on P values. …"

Flowchart scheme of the ML-based model. حسب Noshaba Qasmi (20405009)

"…<b>I)</b> Testing data consisting of 20% of the entire dataset. <b>J)</b> Optimization of hyperparameter tuning. <b>K)</b> Algorithm selection from all models. …"

Algoritmo de clasificación de expresiones de odio por tipos en español (Algorithm for classifying hate expressions by type in Spanish) حسب Daniel Pérez Palau (11097348)

"…</p><h2>Model Architecture</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is based on <code>pysentimiento/robertuito-base-uncased</code> with the following modifications:</p><ul><li>A dense classification layer was added over the base model</li><li>Uses input IDs and attention masks as inputs</li><li>Generates a multi-class classification with 5 hate categories</li></ul><h2>Dataset</h2><p dir="ltr"><b>HATEMEDIA Dataset</b>: Custom hate speech dataset with categorization by type:</p><ul><li><b>Labels</b>: 5 hate type categories (0-4)</li><li><b>Preprocessing</b>:</li><li>Null values ​​removed from text and labels</li><li>Reindexing and relabeling (original labels are adjusted by subtracting 1)</li><li>Exclusion of category 2 during training</li><li>Conversion of category 5 to category 2</li></ul><h2>Training Process</h2><h3>Configuration</h3><ul><li><b>Batch size</b>: 128</li><li><b>Epoches</b>: 5</li><li><b>Learning rate</b>: 2e-5 with 10% warmup steps</li><li><b>Early stopping</b> with patience=2</li><li><b>Class weights</b>: Balanced to handle class imbalance</li></ul><h3>Custom Metrics</h3><ul><li>Recall for specific classes (focus on class 2)</li><li>Precision for specific classes (focus on class 3)</li><li>F1-score (weighted)</li><li>AUC-PR</li><li>Recall at precision=0.6 (class 3)</li><li>Precision at recall=0.6 (class 2)</li></ul><h2>Evaluation Metrics</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is evaluated using:</p><ul><li>Macro recall, precision, and F1-score</li><li>One-vs-Rest AUC</li><li>Accuracy</li><li>Per-class metrics</li><li>Confusion matrix</li><li>Full classification report</li></ul><h2>Technical Features</h2><h3>Data Preprocessing</h3><ul><li><b>Tokenization</b>: Maximum length of 128 tokens (truncation and padding)</li><li><b>Encoding of labels</b>: One-hot encoding for multi-class classification</li><li><b>Data split</b>: 80% training, 10% validation, 10% testing</li></ul><h3>Optimization</h3><ul><li><b>Optimizer</b>: Adam with linear warmup scheduling</li><li><b>Loss function</b>: Categorical Crossentropy (from_logits=True)</li><li><b>Imbalance handling</b>: Class weights computed automatically</li></ul><h2>Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr">The following Python packages are required:</p><ul><li>TensorFlow</li><li>Transformers</li><li>scikit-learn</li><li>pandas</li><li>datasets</li><li>matplotlib</li><li>seaborn</li><li>numpy</li></ul><h2>Usage</h2><ol><li><b>Data format</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>CSV file or Pandas DataFrame</li><li>Required column name: <code>text</code> (string type)</li><li>Required column name: Data type label (integer type, 0-4) - optional for evaluation</li></ul><ol><li><b>Text preprocessing</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>Automatic tokenization with a maximum length of 128 tokens</li><li>Long texts will be automatically truncated</li><li>Handling of special characters, URLs, and emojis included</li></ul><ol><li><b>Label encoding</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>The model classifies hate speech into 5 categories (0-4)</li><li><code>0</code>: Political hatred: Expressions directed against individuals or groups based on political orientation.…"

Predictive Analysis of Mushroom Toxicity Based Exclusively on Their Natural Habitat. حسب Enrico Bertozzi (22461709)

"…Multiple SVM models were trained and evaluated, including configurations with linear and RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernels. </p><p dir="ltr">Additionally, an exhaustive hyperparameter search was performed using GridSearchCV to optimize the C, gamma, and kernel parameters (testing 'linear,' 'rbf,' 'poly,' and 'sigmoid'), aiming to find the highest-performing configuration. …"

Data_Sheet_1_Prediction of Mental Health in Medical Workers During COVID-19 Based on Machine Learning.ZIP حسب Xiaofeng Wang (119575)

"…In this study, we propose a novel prediction model based on optimization algorithm and neural network, which can select and rank the most important factors that affect mental health of medical workers. …"

Supplementary Material 8 حسب Nishitha R Kumar (19750617)

"…</li><li><b>XGboost: </b>An optimized gradient boosting algorithm that efficiently handles large genomic datasets, commonly used for high-accuracy predictions in <i>E. coli</i> classification.…"

Machine Learning-Ready Dataset for Cytotoxicity Prediction of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles حسب Soham Savarkar (21811825)

"…</p><p dir="ltr">These biological metrics were used to define a binary toxicity label: entries were classified as toxic (1) or non-toxic (0) based on thresholds from standardized guidelines (e.g., ISO 10993-5:2009) and literature consensus. …"