Algoritmo de clasificación de expresiones de odio por tipos en español (Algorithm for classifying hate expressions by type in Spanish) by Daniel Pérez Palau (11097348)

“…</p><h2>Model Architecture</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is based on <code>pysentimiento/robertuito-base-uncased</code> with the following modifications:</p><ul><li>A dense classification layer was added over the base model</li><li>Uses input IDs and attention masks as inputs</li><li>Generates a multi-class classification with 5 hate categories</li></ul><h2>Dataset</h2><p dir="ltr"><b>HATEMEDIA Dataset</b>: Custom hate speech dataset with categorization by type:</p><ul><li><b>Labels</b>: 5 hate type categories (0-4)</li><li><b>Preprocessing</b>:</li><li>Null values ​​removed from text and labels</li><li>Reindexing and relabeling (original labels are adjusted by subtracting 1)</li><li>Exclusion of category 2 during training</li><li>Conversion of category 5 to category 2</li></ul><h2>Training Process</h2><h3>Configuration</h3><ul><li><b>Batch size</b>: 128</li><li><b>Epoches</b>: 5</li><li><b>Learning rate</b>: 2e-5 with 10% warmup steps</li><li><b>Early stopping</b> with patience=2</li><li><b>Class weights</b>: Balanced to handle class imbalance</li></ul><h3>Custom Metrics</h3><ul><li>Recall for specific classes (focus on class 2)</li><li>Precision for specific classes (focus on class 3)</li><li>F1-score (weighted)</li><li>AUC-PR</li><li>Recall at precision=0.6 (class 3)</li><li>Precision at recall=0.6 (class 2)</li></ul><h2>Evaluation Metrics</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is evaluated using:</p><ul><li>Macro recall, precision, and F1-score</li><li>One-vs-Rest AUC</li><li>Accuracy</li><li>Per-class metrics</li><li>Confusion matrix</li><li>Full classification report</li></ul><h2>Technical Features</h2><h3>Data Preprocessing</h3><ul><li><b>Tokenization</b>: Maximum length of 128 tokens (truncation and padding)</li><li><b>Encoding of labels</b>: One-hot encoding for multi-class classification</li><li><b>Data split</b>: 80% training, 10% validation, 10% testing</li></ul><h3>Optimization</h3><ul><li><b>Optimizer</b>: Adam with linear warmup scheduling</li><li><b>Loss function</b>: Categorical Crossentropy (from_logits=True)</li><li><b>Imbalance handling</b>: Class weights computed automatically</li></ul><h2>Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr">The following Python packages are required:</p><ul><li>TensorFlow</li><li>Transformers</li><li>scikit-learn</li><li>pandas</li><li>datasets</li><li>matplotlib</li><li>seaborn</li><li>numpy</li></ul><h2>Usage</h2><ol><li><b>Data format</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>CSV file or Pandas DataFrame</li><li>Required column name: <code>text</code> (string type)</li><li>Required column name: Data type label (integer type, 0-4) - optional for evaluation</li></ul><ol><li><b>Text preprocessing</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>Automatic tokenization with a maximum length of 128 tokens</li><li>Long texts will be automatically truncated</li><li>Handling of special characters, URLs, and emojis included</li></ul><ol><li><b>Label encoding</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>The model classifies hate speech into 5 categories (0-4)</li><li><code>0</code>: Political hatred: Expressions directed against individuals or groups based on political orientation.…”

Summary of LITNET-2020 dataset. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

SHAP analysis for LITNET-2020 dataset. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

Comparison of intrusion detection systems. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

Parameter setting for CBOA and PSO. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

NSL-KDD dataset description. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

The architecture of LSTM cell. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

The architecture of ILSTM. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

Parameter setting for LSTM. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

LITNET-2020 data splitting approach. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

Transformation of symbolic features in NSL-KDD. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. …”

Flowchart of software workflow. by Gavrielle R. Untracht (11820311)

Steps in the extraction of 14 coordinates from the CT slices for the curved MPR. by Linus Woitke (22783534)

“…Protruding paths are then eliminated using graph-based optimization algorithms, as demonstrated in f). …”

Supplementary Material 8 by Nishitha R Kumar (19750617)

“…</li><li><b>Adaboost: </b>A boosting algorithm that combines weak classifiers iteratively, refining predictions and improving the identification of antimicrobial resistance patterns.…”

Seed mix selection model by Bethanne Bruninga-Socolar (10923639)

“…For each data set, we initialized a starting population of plant species equal to the desired number of plant species in the mix. The genetic algorithm then operated over 1000 iterations, applying crossover and mutation processes to optimize bee richness. …”

Data_Sheet_1_Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Biomarker Analysis Using Resting-State Functional MRI Functional Brain Network With Multi-Measures Features and Hippocampal Subfield... by Uttam Khatri (12689072)

“…Finally, we implemented and compared the different feature selection algorithms to integrate the structural features, brain networks, and voxel features to optimize the diagnostic identifications of AD using support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. …”