Effects of Class Imbalance and Data Scarcity on the Performance of Binary Classification Machine Learning Models Developed Based on ToxCast/Tox21 Assay Data حسب Changhun Kim (682542)

"…However, ToxCast assays differ in the amount of data and degree of class imbalance (CI). Therefore, the resampling algorithm employed should vary depending on the data distribution to achieve optimal classification performance. …"

The illustration depicts our CQ-CNN architecture for binary image classification. حسب Mominul Islam (3513758)

ROC curve for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The model further showed superior results on binary classification compared with existing methods. …"

Confusion matrix for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The model further showed superior results on binary classification compared with existing methods. …"

Flow diagram of the proposed model. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The comparison of the accuracy score of the benchmark and the proposed models. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The prediction accuracy of simple versus hybrid models. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The accuracy score change matrix following model development. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. حسب Michela C. Massi (14599915)

"…<b>(B)</b> Focusing on the positive class only, the algorithm exploits FIM (<i>apriori</i> algorithm) to build a list of candidate interactions of any desired order, retaining those that have an empirical frequency above a given threshold <i>δ</i>. …"

Comparison between LSTM, LSTM-BOA, LSTM-CBOA and ILSTM using KDDTest+ and KDDTest-21 in binary classification with average 10 runs. حسب Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

Comparison of baseline and hybrid machine learning models in predicting IVF outcomes (%). حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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Confusion matrix of the ABC–LR–RF hybrid model for IVF outcome prediction. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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Calibration curve of the ABC–LR–RF hybrid model for IVF outcome prediction. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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ROC and PR–AUC curves of the ABC–LR–RF hybrid model for IVF outcome prediction. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The statistical description of the original data set of the patients (<i>n</i> = 162). حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The most effective active substances for subfertility treatment. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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The list of parameters of the modified data set for machine learning (<i>n</i> = 162). حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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Flow diagram of the conversion of drugs into active substances. حسب Uğur Ejder (22683228)

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Plan frame of the house. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…In the experiments, optimization metrics such as kinematic optimization rate (calculated based on the shortest path and connectivity between functional areas), space utilization rate (calculated by the ratio of room area to total usable space), and functional fitness (based on the weighted sum of users’ subjective evaluations and functional matches) all perform well. …"

Ablation test results. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…In the experiments, optimization metrics such as kinematic optimization rate (calculated based on the shortest path and connectivity between functional areas), space utilization rate (calculated by the ratio of room area to total usable space), and functional fitness (based on the weighted sum of users’ subjective evaluations and functional matches) all perform well. …"