<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. by Michela C. Massi (14599915)

“…<b>(B)</b> Focusing on the positive class only, the algorithm exploits FIM (<i>apriori</i> algorithm) to build a list of candidate interactions of any desired order, retaining those that have an empirical frequency above a given threshold <i>δ</i>. …”

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections by Max Weng (22327159)

“…To address this, the research integrates a modified A* pathfinding algorithm with a U-Net convolutional neural network, a custom statistical binary classification method, and a personalized Min-Max connectivity threshold to automate the detection of astrocyte connectivity.…”

Supplementary Material for: Penalized Logistic Regression Analysis for Genetic Association Studies of Binary Phenotypes by Yu Y. (3096192)

“…We consider two approximate approaches to maximizing the marginal likelihood: (i) a Monte Carlo EM algorithm (MCEM) and (ii) a Laplace approximation (LA) to each integral, followed by derivative-free optimization of the approximation. …”

Flowchart scheme of the ML-based model. by Noshaba Qasmi (20405009)

“…<b>I)</b> Testing data consisting of 20% of the entire dataset. <b>J)</b> Optimization of hyperparameter tuning. <b>K)</b> Algorithm selection from all models. …”

Schematic representation of semi-automated algorithm for organoids analyzing. by Anna Demchenko (18449439)

Symmetry test result. by Jiyong Moon (16819302)

Algoritmo de clasificación de expresiones de odio por tipos en español (Algorithm for classifying hate expressions by type in Spanish) by Daniel Pérez Palau (11097348)

“…</p><h2>Model Architecture</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is based on <code>pysentimiento/robertuito-base-uncased</code> with the following modifications:</p><ul><li>A dense classification layer was added over the base model</li><li>Uses input IDs and attention masks as inputs</li><li>Generates a multi-class classification with 5 hate categories</li></ul><h2>Dataset</h2><p dir="ltr"><b>HATEMEDIA Dataset</b>: Custom hate speech dataset with categorization by type:</p><ul><li><b>Labels</b>: 5 hate type categories (0-4)</li><li><b>Preprocessing</b>:</li><li>Null values ​​removed from text and labels</li><li>Reindexing and relabeling (original labels are adjusted by subtracting 1)</li><li>Exclusion of category 2 during training</li><li>Conversion of category 5 to category 2</li></ul><h2>Training Process</h2><h3>Configuration</h3><ul><li><b>Batch size</b>: 128</li><li><b>Epoches</b>: 5</li><li><b>Learning rate</b>: 2e-5 with 10% warmup steps</li><li><b>Early stopping</b> with patience=2</li><li><b>Class weights</b>: Balanced to handle class imbalance</li></ul><h3>Custom Metrics</h3><ul><li>Recall for specific classes (focus on class 2)</li><li>Precision for specific classes (focus on class 3)</li><li>F1-score (weighted)</li><li>AUC-PR</li><li>Recall at precision=0.6 (class 3)</li><li>Precision at recall=0.6 (class 2)</li></ul><h2>Evaluation Metrics</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is evaluated using:</p><ul><li>Macro recall, precision, and F1-score</li><li>One-vs-Rest AUC</li><li>Accuracy</li><li>Per-class metrics</li><li>Confusion matrix</li><li>Full classification report</li></ul><h2>Technical Features</h2><h3>Data Preprocessing</h3><ul><li><b>Tokenization</b>: Maximum length of 128 tokens (truncation and padding)</li><li><b>Encoding of labels</b>: One-hot encoding for multi-class classification</li><li><b>Data split</b>: 80% training, 10% validation, 10% testing</li></ul><h3>Optimization</h3><ul><li><b>Optimizer</b>: Adam with linear warmup scheduling</li><li><b>Loss function</b>: Categorical Crossentropy (from_logits=True)</li><li><b>Imbalance handling</b>: Class weights computed automatically</li></ul><h2>Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr">The following Python packages are required:</p><ul><li>TensorFlow</li><li>Transformers</li><li>scikit-learn</li><li>pandas</li><li>datasets</li><li>matplotlib</li><li>seaborn</li><li>numpy</li></ul><h2>Usage</h2><ol><li><b>Data format</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>CSV file or Pandas DataFrame</li><li>Required column name: <code>text</code> (string type)</li><li>Required column name: Data type label (integer type, 0-4) - optional for evaluation</li></ul><ol><li><b>Text preprocessing</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>Automatic tokenization with a maximum length of 128 tokens</li><li>Long texts will be automatically truncated</li><li>Handling of special characters, URLs, and emojis included</li></ul><ol><li><b>Label encoding</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>The model classifies hate speech into 5 categories (0-4)</li><li><code>0</code>: Political hatred: Expressions directed against individuals or groups based on political orientation.…”

Flowchart of software workflow. by Gavrielle R. Untracht (11820311)

Steps in the extraction of 14 coordinates from the CT slices for the curved MPR. by Linus Woitke (22783534)

“…Protruding paths are then eliminated using graph-based optimization algorithms, as demonstrated in f). …”

Variable Selection with Multiply-Imputed Datasets: Choosing Between Stacked and Grouped Methods by Jiacong Du (12035845)

“…Building on existing work, we (i) derive and implement efficient cyclic coordinate descent and majorization-minimization optimization algorithms for continuous and binary outcome data, (ii) incorporate adaptive shrinkage penalties, (iii) compare these methods through simulation, and (iv) develop an R package <i>miselect</i>. …”

Predictive Analysis of Mushroom Toxicity Based Exclusively on Their Natural Habitat. by Enrico Bertozzi (22461709)

“…<br>The consistency of the results across different kernels demonstrates that the information contained in the habitat, by itself, leads to a very simple optimal decision rule (mostly the prediction of the most frequent class per habitat), which cannot be improved solely by model adjustments. …”

Supplementary Material 8 by Nishitha R Kumar (19750617)

“…In AMR studies, datasets often contain more susceptible isolates than resistant ones, leading to biased model performance. SMOTE overcomes this issue by generating synthetic samples of the minority class (resistant isolates) through interpolation rather than simple duplication, thereby improving model generalization.…”

PathOlOgics_RBCs Python Scripts.zip by Ahmed Elsafty (16943883)

“…</p><p dir="ltr">In terms of classification, a second algorithm was developed and employed to preliminary sort or group the individual cells (after excluding the overlapping cells manually) into different categories using five geometric measurements applied to the extracted contour from each binary image mask (see PathOlOgics_script_2; preliminary shape measurements). …”

Data_Sheet_1_Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Biomarker Analysis Using Resting-State Functional MRI Functional Brain Network With Multi-Measures Features and Hippocampal Subfield... by Uttam Khatri (12689072)

“…Finally, we implemented and compared the different feature selection algorithms to integrate the structural features, brain networks, and voxel features to optimize the diagnostic identifications of AD using support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. …”