Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

DE algorithm flow. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …"

Test results of different algorithms. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …"

Functional fitness test results of different algorithms. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

The confidence curve of a binary image. حسب Dingming Yang (8505990)

The confidence change of the binary image after iteration. حسب Dingming Yang (8505990)

Numerical example for determining the optimal number of clusters in Algorithm 2. حسب Yi Wei Tye (22208735)

Illustration of the transformed binary images of normal, benign, and malignant samples into grayscale. حسب Tehnan I. A. Mohamed (16846175)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Binary contingency table. حسب Lu Xiao (314030)

Homomorphic binary tree. حسب Jianhua He (341366)

New building interior space layout model flow. حسب Ling Zhao (111365)

"…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …"

<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. حسب Michela C. Massi (14599915)

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections حسب Max Weng (22327159)

"…Pixel paths were classified using a z-score brightness threshold of 1.21, optimized for noise reduction and accuracy. The A* algorithm then evaluated connectivity by minimizing Euclidean distance and heuristic cost between cells. …"

Statistical summary of all models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Classification performance of ML and DL models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Convergence curve of feature selection algorithms across 11 datasets with KNN classifier. حسب Yi Wei Tye (22208735)

ROC curve for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

Confusion matrix for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

Classification performance after optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"