Binary contingency table. by Lu Xiao (314030)

Boxplots analysis of the tested algorithms using average error rate across 21 datasets. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

MSE for ILSTM algorithm in binary classification. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”

Flow diagram of the proposed model. by Uğur Ejder (22683228)

“…<div><p>Machine learning models are increasingly applied to assisted reproductive technologies (ART), yet most studies rely on conventional algorithms with limited optimization. This proof-of-concept study investigates whether a hybrid Logistic Regression–Artificial Bee Colony (LR–ABC) framework can enhance predictive performance in in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes while producing interpretable, hypothesis-driven associations with nutritional and pharmaceutical supplement use. …”

The confidence curve of a binary image. by Dingming Yang (8505990)

RMSE on the test data when fitting (logistic) quadratic models to binary data across increasing measurement error values . by Jakub Stoklosa (3315042)

DE algorithm flow. by Ling Zhao (111365)

“…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …”

One advantage of our algorithm is that it is not binary in nature. by Yong Kuk Kim (13955214)

Convergence curve of feature selection algorithms across 11 datasets with KNN classifier. by Yi Wei Tye (22208735)

Test results of different algorithms. by Ling Zhao (111365)

“…<div><p>To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. …”

Triplet Matching for Estimating Causal Effects With Three Treatment Arms: A Comparative Study of Mortality by Trauma Center Level by Giovanni Nattino (561797)

“…Our algorithm outperforms the nearest neighbor algorithm and is shown to produce matched samples with total distance no larger than twice the optimal distance. …”

Flowchart depicting the structure of the BDMO algorithm. by Olatunji A. Akinola (13919696)

a) Accuracy and b) selected feature size of algorithms on the COVID-19 dataset. by Nebojsa Bacanin (13932723)

Table_1_A scheduling route planning algorithm based on the dynamic genetic algorithm with ant colony binary iterative optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle spraying in multiple tea fields.XLSX by Yangyang Liu (807797)

“…By optimizing the crossover and mutation operators of the genetic algorithm (GA), the crossover and mutation probabilities are automatically adjusted with the individual fitness and a dynamic genetic algorithm (DGA) is proposed. …”

Illustration of the transformed binary images of normal, benign, and malignant samples into grayscale. by Tehnan I. A. Mohamed (16846175)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

DataSheet1_Improving the convergence of an iterative algorithm for solving arbitrary linear equation systems using classical or quantum binary optimization.pdf by Erick R. Castro (11243697)

“…<p>Recent advancements in quantum computing and quantum-inspired algorithms have sparked renewed interest in binary optimization. …”

Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). by João Albuquerque (12936572)

Poisson probability vs. the term number m with different mean A. by Haoqiang Liu (193675)

PDF of noise amplitude z for A = 1 and L = 0, 1, 2, …. by Haoqiang Liu (193675)