Bar chart comparing the average fitness values of various feature selection algorithms. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Initial parameter settings for the optimization algorithms. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Box plots with swarm overlays for six feature selection algorithms, annotated with mean and standard deviation values. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Correlation heatmap of performance scores among different feature selection algorithms: bOcOA, bPSO, bGWO, bFA, bGA, and bWAO. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Density distribution plot of performance metrics for various feature selection algorithms: bOcOA, bPSO, bGWO, bFA, bGA, and bWAO. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Feature selection results. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

“…To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive deep learning framework enhanced with the innovative bio-inspired Ocotillo Optimization Algorithm (OcOA), designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of bone marrow cell classification. …”

Table_1_An efficient decision support system for leukemia identification utilizing nature-inspired deep feature optimization.pdf by Muhammad Awais (263096)

“…To optimize feature selection, a customized binary Grey Wolf Algorithm is utilized, achieving an impressive 80% reduction in feature size while preserving key discriminative information. …”

Line plots showing performance trends for six evaluation metrics across CNN combined with different bio-inspired optimization algorithms. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm by Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

“…In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates </p><p dir="ltr">Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification and a binary Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) </p><p dir="ltr">algorithm for feature selection. …”

Feature selection results. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Transformation of symbolic features in NSL-KDD. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

Feature selection metrics and their definitions. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

ANOVA test for feature selection. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Classification baseline performance. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

“…To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive deep learning framework enhanced with the innovative bio-inspired Ocotillo Optimization Algorithm (OcOA), designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of bone marrow cell classification. …”

ANOVA test result. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

“…To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive deep learning framework enhanced with the innovative bio-inspired Ocotillo Optimization Algorithm (OcOA), designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of bone marrow cell classification. …”

Summary of literature review. by Doaa Sami Khafaga (21463870)

“…To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive deep learning framework enhanced with the innovative bio-inspired Ocotillo Optimization Algorithm (OcOA), designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of bone marrow cell classification. …”

Wilcoxon test results for feature selection. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

The flowchart of the proposed algorithm. by Muhammad Ayyaz Sheikh (18610943)

“…To overcome this limitation, recent advancements have introduced multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for ATS. This study proposes an enhancement to the performance of ATS through the utilization of an improved version of the Binary Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (BMOGWO), incorporating mutation. …”

Classification performance after optimization. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

ANOVA test for optimization results. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”