Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

The confidence curve of a binary image. حسب Dingming Yang (8505990)

The confidence change of the binary image after iteration. حسب Dingming Yang (8505990)

Illustration of the transformed binary images of normal, benign, and malignant samples into grayscale. حسب Tehnan I. A. Mohamed (16846175)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). حسب João Albuquerque (12936572)

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections حسب Max Weng (22327159)

"…Pixel paths were classified using a z-score brightness threshold of 1.21, optimized for noise reduction and accuracy. The A* algorithm then evaluated connectivity by minimizing Euclidean distance and heuristic cost between cells. …"

Statistical summary of all models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Classification performance of ML and DL models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Hyperparameters of the LSTM Model. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

"…Out of all the models, LSTM produced the best results. The AD-PSO-Guided WOA algorithm was used to adjust the hyperparameters for the LSTM model. …"

Prediction results of individual models. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

"…Out of all the models, LSTM produced the best results. The AD-PSO-Guided WOA algorithm was used to adjust the hyperparameters for the LSTM model. …"

Classification performance after optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

ANOVA test for optimization results. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Wilcoxon test results for optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

ROC curve for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

Confusion matrix for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

The illustration depicts our CQ-CNN architecture for binary image classification. حسب Mominul Islam (3513758)

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm حسب Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

"…In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates </p><p dir="ltr">Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification and a binary Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) </p><p dir="ltr">algorithm for feature selection. …"

Dataset 2: Zip file containing the Tables of the presented method and results حسب Suchismita Behera (22027316)

Wilcoxon test results for feature selection. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"