Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

The confidence curve of a binary image. by Dingming Yang (8505990)

The confidence change of the binary image after iteration. by Dingming Yang (8505990)

Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Illustration of the transformed binary images of normal, benign, and malignant samples into grayscale. by Tehnan I. A. Mohamed (16846175)

Confusion matrix for a binary outcome (adapted from Fawcett [30]). by João Albuquerque (12936572)

A* Path-Finding Algorithm to Determine Cell Connections by Max Weng (22327159)

“…Pixel paths were classified using a z-score brightness threshold of 1.21, optimized for noise reduction and accuracy. The A* algorithm then evaluated connectivity by minimizing Euclidean distance and heuristic cost between cells. …”

Classification performance after optimization. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

ANOVA test for optimization results. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Wilcoxon test results for optimization. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Optimized Bayesian regularization-back propagation neural network using data-driven intrusion detection system in Internet of Things by Ashok Kumar K (21441108)

“…Hence, Binary Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BBWOA) is proposed in this manuscript to improve the BRBPNN classifier that detects intrusion precisely. …”

ROC curve for binary classification. by Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

“…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …”

Confusion matrix for binary classification. by Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

“…The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …”

The illustration depicts our CQ-CNN architecture for binary image classification. by Mominul Islam (3513758)

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm by Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

“…In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates </p><p dir="ltr">Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification and a binary Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) </p><p dir="ltr">algorithm for feature selection. …”

Dataset 2: Zip file containing the Tables of the presented method and results by Suchismita Behera (22027316)

Wilcoxon test results for feature selection. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Feature selection metrics and their definitions. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Statistical summary of all models. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”

Feature selection results. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets. …”