Flowchart scheme of the ML-based model. حسب Noshaba Qasmi (20405009)

Supplementary Material 8 حسب Nishitha R Kumar (19750617)

"…</li><li><b>Radial basis function kernel-support vector machine (RBF-SVM): </b>A more flexible version of SVM that uses a non-linear kernel to capture complex relationships in genomic data, improving classification accuracy.</li><li><b>Extra trees classifier: </b>This tree-based ensemble method enhances classification by randomly selecting features and thresholds, improving robustness in <i>E. coli</i> strain differentiation.…"