MSE for ILSTM algorithm in binary classification. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”

Algoritmo de clasificación de expresiones de odio por tipos en español (Algorithm for classifying hate expressions by type in Spanish) by Daniel Pérez Palau (11097348)

“…</p><h2>Model Architecture</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is based on <code>pysentimiento/robertuito-base-uncased</code> with the following modifications:</p><ul><li>A dense classification layer was added over the base model</li><li>Uses input IDs and attention masks as inputs</li><li>Generates a multi-class classification with 5 hate categories</li></ul><h2>Dataset</h2><p dir="ltr"><b>HATEMEDIA Dataset</b>: Custom hate speech dataset with categorization by type:</p><ul><li><b>Labels</b>: 5 hate type categories (0-4)</li><li><b>Preprocessing</b>:</li><li>Null values ​​removed from text and labels</li><li>Reindexing and relabeling (original labels are adjusted by subtracting 1)</li><li>Exclusion of category 2 during training</li><li>Conversion of category 5 to category 2</li></ul><h2>Training Process</h2><h3>Configuration</h3><ul><li><b>Batch size</b>: 128</li><li><b>Epoches</b>: 5</li><li><b>Learning rate</b>: 2e-5 with 10% warmup steps</li><li><b>Early stopping</b> with patience=2</li><li><b>Class weights</b>: Balanced to handle class imbalance</li></ul><h3>Custom Metrics</h3><ul><li>Recall for specific classes (focus on class 2)</li><li>Precision for specific classes (focus on class 3)</li><li>F1-score (weighted)</li><li>AUC-PR</li><li>Recall at precision=0.6 (class 3)</li><li>Precision at recall=0.6 (class 2)</li></ul><h2>Evaluation Metrics</h2><p dir="ltr">The model is evaluated using:</p><ul><li>Macro recall, precision, and F1-score</li><li>One-vs-Rest AUC</li><li>Accuracy</li><li>Per-class metrics</li><li>Confusion matrix</li><li>Full classification report</li></ul><h2>Technical Features</h2><h3>Data Preprocessing</h3><ul><li><b>Tokenization</b>: Maximum length of 128 tokens (truncation and padding)</li><li><b>Encoding of labels</b>: One-hot encoding for multi-class classification</li><li><b>Data split</b>: 80% training, 10% validation, 10% testing</li></ul><h3>Optimization</h3><ul><li><b>Optimizer</b>: Adam with linear warmup scheduling</li><li><b>Loss function</b>: Categorical Crossentropy (from_logits=True)</li><li><b>Imbalance handling</b>: Class weights computed automatically</li></ul><h2>Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr">The following Python packages are required:</p><ul><li>TensorFlow</li><li>Transformers</li><li>scikit-learn</li><li>pandas</li><li>datasets</li><li>matplotlib</li><li>seaborn</li><li>numpy</li></ul><h2>Usage</h2><ol><li><b>Data format</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>CSV file or Pandas DataFrame</li><li>Required column name: <code>text</code> (string type)</li><li>Required column name: Data type label (integer type, 0-4) - optional for evaluation</li></ul><ol><li><b>Text preprocessing</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>Automatic tokenization with a maximum length of 128 tokens</li><li>Long texts will be automatically truncated</li><li>Handling of special characters, URLs, and emojis included</li></ul><ol><li><b>Label encoding</b>:</li></ol><ul><li>The model classifies hate speech into 5 categories (0-4)</li><li><code>0</code>: Political hatred: Expressions directed against individuals or groups based on political orientation.…”

Illustration of the transformed binary images of normal, benign, and malignant samples into grayscale. by Tehnan I. A. Mohamed (16846175)

Binary contingency table. by Lu Xiao (314030)

Python-Based Algorithm for Estimating NRTL Model Parameters with UNIFAC Model Simulation Results by Se-Hee Jo (20554623)

“…A major challenge in bioprocess simulation is the lack of physical and chemical property databases for biochemicals. A Python-based algorithm was developed for estimating the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model parameters of aqueous binary systems in a straightforward manner from simplified molecular-input line-entry specification (SMILES) strings of substances in a system. …”

<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. by Michela C. Massi (14599915)

“…<b>(C)</b> The whole training data is then scanned, searching for these sequences and deriving a re-encoded dataset where interaction terms are binary features (i.e., 1 if sequence <i>i</i> is observed in <i>j</i>-th patient genotype, 0 otherwise). …”

Algorithm for generating hyperparameter. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Algorithm for optimal decision determination in sequential decision-making. by Mariko I. Ito (5007323)

Results of machine learning algorithm. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

QSAR model for predicting neuraminidase inhibitors of influenza A viruses (H1N1) based on adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm by Z.Y. Algamal (5547620)

“…The binary grasshopper optimization algorithm (BGOA) is a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which has been used successfully to perform feature selection. …”

ROC comparison of machine learning algorithm. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

RMSE on the test data when fitting (logistic) quadratic models to binary data across increasing measurement error values . by Jakub Stoklosa (3315042)

Best optimizer results of Lightbgm. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Best optimizer results of Adaboost. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Best optimizer results of Lightbgm. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Random forest with hyperparameter optimization. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Best optimizer results of KNN. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Best optimizer results of KNN. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Ensemble model architecture. by Balraj Preet Kaur (20370832)

“…To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. …”

Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Methods and Binary GWO Algorithm by Hussein Ali Bardan (21976208)

“…In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates </p><p dir="ltr">Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification and a binary Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) </p><p dir="ltr">algorithm for feature selection. …”