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MSE for ILSTM algorithm in binary classification.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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Summary of Notations Used in this paper.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Proposed Algorithm.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Comparisons between ADAM and NADAM optimizers.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Optimized Bayesian regularization-back propagation neural network using data-driven intrusion detection system in Internet of Things
Published 2025“…Hence, Binary Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BBWOA) is proposed in this manuscript to improve the BRBPNN classifier that detects intrusion precisely. …”
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An Example of a WPT-MEC Network.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Related Work Summary.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Simulation parameters.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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9
Training losses for N = 10.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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Normalized computation rate for N = 10.
Published 2025“…Hence, an Energy-Harvesting Reinforcement Learning-based Offloading Decision Algorithm (EHRL) is proposed. EHRL integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to dynamically optimize binary offloading decisions, which in turn obviates the requirement for manually labeled training data and thus avoids the need for solving complex optimization problems repeatedly. …”
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QSAR model for predicting neuraminidase inhibitors of influenza A viruses (H1N1) based on adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm
Published 2020“…Obtaining a reliable QSAR model with few descriptors is an essential procedure in chemometrics. The binary grasshopper optimization algorithm (BGOA) is a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which has been used successfully to perform feature selection. …”
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Parameter settings.
Published 2024“…To address these challenges, this research paper introduces a novel algorithm called Enhanced Binary JADE (EBJADE), which combines differential evolution with multi-population and elites regeneration. …”
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GSE96058 information.
Published 2024“…Subsequently, feature selection was conducted using ANOVA and binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). During the analysis phase, the discriminative power of the selected features was evaluated using machine learning classification algorithms. …”
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The performance of classifiers.
Published 2024“…Subsequently, feature selection was conducted using ANOVA and binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). During the analysis phase, the discriminative power of the selected features was evaluated using machine learning classification algorithms. …”
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Summary of LITNET-2020 dataset.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”
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SHAP analysis for LITNET-2020 dataset.
Published 2023“…The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. …”