<i>hi</i>PRS algorithm process flow. by Michela C. Massi (14599915)

“…<p><b>(A)</b> Input data is a list of genotype-level SNPs. <b>(B)</b> Focusing on the positive class only, the algorithm exploits FIM (<i>apriori</i> algorithm) to build a list of candidate interactions of any desired order, retaining those that have an empirical frequency above a given threshold <i>δ</i>. …”

Test results of different algorithms. by Ling Zhao (111365)

Functional fitness test results of different algorithms. by Ling Zhao (111365)

Feature selection convergence time comparison of various binary metaheuristic algorithms. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Design and implementation of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) algorithm for predicting the severity of COVID-19. by Jiaqing Luo (10975030)

“…<p>(A). The MCDM algorithm-Stage 1. Preprocessing, this stage is the process of refining the collected raw data to eliminate noise, including correlation analysis and feature selection based on P values. …”

One advantage of our algorithm is that it is not binary in nature. by Yong Kuk Kim (13955214)

The confidence curve of a binary image. by Dingming Yang (8505990)

The flowchart showing the optimization process of the hybrid methods using BEOSA as the base algorithm and SA and FFA as integrated algorithms. by Olaide N. Oyelade (14047002)

Subjects:

The confidence change of the binary image after iteration. by Dingming Yang (8505990)

CSTP-MAC algorithm backoff time-slots vs IEEE 802.15.4 binary backoff exponential algorithm backoff time-slots. by Innocent Uzougbo Onwuegbuzie (9243166)

Friedman average rank sum test results. by Chenyi Zhu (9383370)

“…In order to comprehensively verify the performance of IRBMO, this paper designs a series of experiments to compare it with nine mainstream binary optimization algorithms. The experiments are based on 12 medical datasets, and the results show that IRBMO achieves optimal overall performance in key metrics such as fitness value, classification accuracy and specificity. …”

Statistic Test for KDDTest+ and KDDTest-21 in binary classification. by Asmaa Ahmed Awad (16726315)

Numerical example for determining the optimal number of clusters in Algorithm 2. by Yi Wei Tye (22208735)

Flowchart scheme of the ML-based model. by Noshaba Qasmi (20405009)

“…<b>J)</b> Optimization of hyperparameter tuning. <b>K)</b> Algorithm selection from all models. …”

RMSE on the test data when fitting (logistic) quadratic models to binary data across increasing measurement error values . by Jakub Stoklosa (3315042)

ANOVA test for optimization results. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …”

Wilcoxon test results for optimization. by Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

“…<div><p>Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …”

Ablation test results. by Ling Zhao (111365)

Hyperparameter selection test. by Ling Zhao (111365)

Homomorphic binary tree. by Jianhua He (341366)