Effective contact rate over time for the different modelling scenarios considered: fixed, continuously increasing, continuously decreasing and with a step-decrease. by Joshua Looker (21390948)

Flowchart of the analysis steps and methods used in the study (see details in sections 2.1 to 2.5). by Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)

Penalty conversions yield large practical decreases, but robustness and generalizability of result are limited by data quality and sample selection. by Ryan J. Treves (13527735)

Anion-Assisted Glycosylation of Galactose: A Computational Study by Kerli Tali (22769704)

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Schematic representation of the sequential steps in the analytical process. by Khalifa M. Al-Kindi (3719854)

(A) Digital designing of premolar to decrease 1 mm of root surface, (B) 3D printed tooth compared to artificial tooth of model. by Samar S. Alaghbari (21863491)

Immunofluorescence analysis for F-actin in RPTECs infected with Oki53 and Oki65 at 24 h post-infection. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Uncropped blots corresponding to Fig 2B, provided for assessment of band specificity and loading consistency. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Hypothetical model representing the distinct strategies of epithelial barrier disruption by Oki strains. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Representative merged immunofluorescence images of afadin with TO-PRO-3, and nectin-2 with TO-PRO-3. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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<i>Leptospira interrogans</i> strains isolated from patients in Okinawa, Japan, in 2023. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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<i>Leptospira interrogans</i> from Okinawa induces epithelial barrier disruption with different kinetics. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Representative merged immunofluorescence images of E-cadherin, afadin, and TO-PRO-3. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Proteosomal and pan-caspase inhibitors differentially prevent the disruption of the epithelial cell barrier by the clinical <i>Leptospira</i> isolates. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Representative merged immunofluorescence images of F-actin and TO-PRO-3. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Representative merged immunofluorescence images of E-cadherin, α-catenin, and TO-PRO-3. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Uncropped blots corresponding to Fig 3A, provided for assessment of band specificity and loading consistency. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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<i>L.</i><i>interrogans</i> induces afadin degradation in infected RPTECs through different strain-dependent mechanisms. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Immunofluorescence analysis using dual staining for E-cadherin (E-cad) and afadin and F-actin in RPTECs infected with Oki53 and Oki65 at 24 h post-infection. by Tetsuya Kakita (4922584)

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Additional within-case comparison information. by Ryan J. Treves (13527735)

“…While the state’s introduction of $3,000 mandatory minimum penalties for certain Clean Water Act effluent and reporting violations by permitted wastewater facilities reflected a significant step-up in enforcement, the policy also allowed small communities with financial hardship to redirect penalties toward investments in compliance. …”