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LLMs Have Rhythm: Fingerprinting Large Language Models Using Inter-Token Times and Network Traffic Analysis
Published 2025“…<p dir="ltr">As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into many technological ecosystems across various domains and industries, identifying which model is deployed or being interacted with is critical for the security and trustworthiness of the systems. …”
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142
Image Steganography: A Review of the Recent Advances
Published 2021“…The secret information is hidden in a way that it not visible to the human eyes. Deep learning technology, which has emerged as a powerful tool in various applications including image steganography, has received increased attention recently. …”
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Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
Published 2020“…<p dir="ltr">Coordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs) improves the overall efficiency of the power grid as it avoids distribution system overloads, increases power quality, and decreases voltage fluctuations. …”
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146
Is board compensation excessive?
Published 2017“…For companies that overpay, the average excess compensation is greater than $60,000 per director, while directors that are underpaid receive about $33,000 less than predicted. …”
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147
Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from an Oil-Rich Economy
Published 2022“…The results reveal that renewable energy consumption has a negative impact on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, while real GDP per capita has a positive effect. According to the findings, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption leads to a 0.26% decrease in consumption-based CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, while a 1% rise in real GDP per capita leads to a 0.46% rise in consumption-based CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. …”
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148
"Development of Authentic Annual and Seasonal Lightning Thunderstorms Day Maps for Saudi Arabia"
Published 2006“…Annual thunderstorms are most frequent over the southwestern parts of the country, and generally decrease towards the west and east. Due to its low latitude and less temporal change, the west coast of the Red Sea recorded the lowest Td/yr. …”
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149
"Thunderstorm distribution and frequency in Saudi Arabia"
Published 2005“…Annual thunderstorms are most frequent over the southwestern parts of the country, and generally decrease towards the west and east. Due to its low latitude and less temporal change, the west coast of the Red Sea recorded the lowest Td/yr. …”
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150
Rebound effects undermine carbon footprint reduction potential of autonomous electric vehicles
Published 2023“…<p dir="ltr">Autonomous vehicles offer greater passenger convenience and improved fuel efficiency. …”
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Visitors off the trail: Impacts on the dominant plant, bryophyte and lichen species in alpine heath vegetation in sub-arctic Sweden
Published 2021“…With a greater decrease in taller forbs and shrubs than in graminoids and prostrate plants, a greater decrease in lichen than in bryophyte species, and a change in vegetation composition. …”
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153
Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for the UAE
Published 2018“…Increased human populations, rapid economic developments, and climate change have driven many countries in the Middle East to suffer acute water shortages. …”
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154
Cost-effectiveness of novel treatment of hepatitis C virus in Lebanese patients
Published 2018“…Sensitivity analysis showed that a 25% decrease in the cost of dual drug option resulted in a decrease of incremental cost to 16,982 euro per QALY gained at first year of treatment with DAAs upon early HCV diagnosis. …”
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155
Growth hormone treatment modulates active ghrelin levels in rats
Published 2014“…Consequently, under such treatment, determination of active ghrelin concentration per tissue mass rather than per tissue protein is favored. …”
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156
Global, regional and national burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of...
Published 2021“…Although there was a clear global decrease in the age-standardised death, and DALY rates, some countries experienced an increase in these rates. …”
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Performance assessment of an integrated absorption cooling-hydrogen liquefaction system using geothermal energy
Published 2013“…The results show that the mass of hydrogen gas pre-cooled by the absorption system per unit mass flow rate of geothermal water flowing through the system (n) and the amount of hydrogen liquefied per unit mass flow rate of geothermal water flowing through the system (y) increase with an increase in the geothermal source temperature. …”
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158
The importance of child car seat safety
Published 2015“…On account of the exponential increase in the rate of road accidents and casualties, the need for the use of seatbelts cannot be overemphasized. …”
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159
An improved non-dimensional model of wet-cooling towers
Published 2020“…The first method shows a maximum decrease of 4.4 per cent in error, whereas in the second method, the maximum error was found to be 3.3 and 6.8 per cent when the inlet air was unsaturated and saturated, respectively. …”
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160
Water Footprint Assessment and Virtual Water Trade in the Globally Most Water-Stressed Country, Qatar
Published 2023“…<p dir="ltr">Qatar is one of the most water stressed countries globally, despite Qatar’s aridity and its lack of freshwater resources, per capita water consumption became one of the highest in the world due to population growth, agricultural expansion, rapid urbanization and industrialization and it is expected to increase in the coming decades. …”