The introduction of mutualisms into assembled communities increases their connectance and complexity while decreasing their richness. by Gui Araujo (22170819)

“…When they stop being introduced in further assembly events (i.e. introduced species do not carry any mutualistic interactions), their proportion slowly decreases with successive invasions. …”

Flow diagram illustrating the sequence of procedures executed during one time step defined as tick, each of which represents one week. by Alexandra M. Campbell (3284094)

Effective contact rate over time for the different modelling scenarios considered: fixed, continuously increasing, continuously decreasing and with a step-decrease. by Joshua Looker (21390948)

“…<p>Effective contact rate over time for the different modelling scenarios considered: fixed, continuously increasing, continuously decreasing and with a step-decrease.</p>…”

Disturbance of coherent behaviour leads to a decrease in information transfer. by Hannah Zoller (19688084)

LBM-based approach using synchronous transformation with a time step of 0.43s, PNGM-based method using asynchronous transformation with a 5s time step, VGA using explicit scheme wi... by Mouad Klai (20818364)

Participant demographics. * P-values were determined using Fisher-Freeman-Halton test when contingency tables are larger than 2 × 2. by Elie Mulhem (22537863)

Includes a file with the results on step parameters. by Sanne Ettema (18786312)

Biases in larger populations. by Sander W. Keemink (21253563)

“…Threshold parameter <i>c</i> = − 0 . 1 for the rectified cosine tuning with 4 neurons, and width <i>w</i> was 1 for von Mises tuning. …”

Comparison of diffusion simulations: implicit scheme of the GDE with a 30-second time step (blue line), implicit scheme of the PNGM with α = 0.6 and a 15-second time step (green li... by Mouad Klai (20818364)

Table of step height. by Jianbo Jia (717814)

“…The simulation results show that for steps of 1mm, 2mm and 3mm height, the optimal polyline angle is concentrated in the range of 10°-11°, in which the Angle of 10.5° has a good performance against the steps of three heights. …”

The well wall step. by Jianbo Jia (717814)

“…The simulation results show that for steps of 1mm, 2mm and 3mm height, the optimal polyline angle is concentrated in the range of 10°-11°, in which the Angle of 10.5° has a good performance against the steps of three heights. …”

Creep failure mode and sketch map of step-step fractured rock. by Dengke Yang (842532)

Decrease of cellular cAMP levels in response to a concentration range of melatonin treatments. by Cathryn S. D. Maienza (20629929)

Supplementary Videos (File S3) show a step-by-step protocol for preparing and connecting <i>Apis mellifera</i> workers to the electrical measurement system. by Juan P. Hernández (22216133)

Loss of mammary fitness and virulence by <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> 0690::Tn mutant. by Aga E. Gelgie (17661720)

Subjects:

The distribution of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> assemblages in domestic and wild populations of nonhuman mammalian species with a larger number of isolates. by Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi (7384790)

(A) Shape of the osteotomies during the 3-step MIPS drilling procedure. by Marsel Ganeyev (21453399)

(a) Histogram of relative phase at all steps for all participants. by Shinnosuke Hase (20917896)

Algorithm operation steps. by Junyan Wang (4738518)

Global Land Use Change Impacts on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Environmental Losses by Jing Wang (6206297)

“…However, how global land use changes impact soil N supply and potential N loss remains elusive. By compiling a global data set of 1,782 paired observations from 185 publications, we show that land use conversion from natural to managed ecosystems significantly reduced NNM by 7.5% (−11.5, −2.8%) and increased NN by 150% (86, 194%), indicating decreasing N availability while increasing potential N loss through denitrification and nitrate leaching. …”