Risk Classification Diagram of Hot Surface. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Tissue, days post-infection (dpi) and the top 10 most significant genes with increased and decreased expression with valid gene symbols for the response contrasts. حسب Gillian P. McHugo (8965919)

GI-1d-a: Comparison of estimates of people for dataset A (left bar) and B (right bar) per region. The largest discrepancies occur in areas of NE, SE and SW Germany and adjacent reg... حسب Isabell Schmidt (6331013)

Innovation, nightlights and a continuous measure of city size. حسب Saul Estrin (8629173)

Selection frequencies plotted in decreasing order. حسب Hannah P. Rowe (7830599)

Ignition delay process shot by high-speed camera. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Data disclosure (Bai - manuscript). حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Experimental bench and corresponding facility. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Three classic combustion stages of the flame. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Flame binarization image processing flow. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Experimental condition of fixed oil drop volume. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Schematic diagram of experimental injector size. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Droplet boiling modes at different temperatures. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Physical parameters of engine lubricating oil. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Variation of heat flow with wall temperature. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…This research provides theoretical support for vehicle fire risk assessment and prevention. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) As the temperature of the hot surface increases, the ignition delay time generally shows a decreasing trend, with 450°C being a critical turning point; (2) There is an overlap between ignition and non-ignition cases within a specific range, forming a possible ignition zone, and the <i>R</i>² values of the fitting equations for the upper and lower boundaries are both above 95%, indicating a good fit. (3) The fractal dimension can effectively quantify the geometric complexity of the flame’s outer contour, thereby characterizing the stability of the flame’s combustion. …"

Trust change by gender. حسب Alain Abi-Rizk (8549358)

"…Results indicate that respondnatds from North America and Europe Experienced an increase in trust where as Africa and South America Witnessed a decline in trust. Males exhibited a greater decline in trust than females (p = 0.038), and undergraduate degree holders showed the largest decrease (p = 0.001). …"

Trust change by age group. حسب Alain Abi-Rizk (8549358)

"…Results indicate that respondnatds from North America and Europe Experienced an increase in trust where as Africa and South America Witnessed a decline in trust. Males exhibited a greater decline in trust than females (p = 0.038), and undergraduate degree holders showed the largest decrease (p = 0.001). …"

Trust change by education level. حسب Alain Abi-Rizk (8549358)

"…Results indicate that respondnatds from North America and Europe Experienced an increase in trust where as Africa and South America Witnessed a decline in trust. Males exhibited a greater decline in trust than females (p = 0.038), and undergraduate degree holders showed the largest decrease (p = 0.001). …"

Trust change by source of science information. حسب Alain Abi-Rizk (8549358)

"…Results indicate that respondnatds from North America and Europe Experienced an increase in trust where as Africa and South America Witnessed a decline in trust. Males exhibited a greater decline in trust than females (p = 0.038), and undergraduate degree holders showed the largest decrease (p = 0.001). …"

Trust levels before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 10,000). حسب Alain Abi-Rizk (8549358)