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significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
we decrease » _ decrease (Expand Search), nn decrease (Expand Search), mean decrease (Expand Search)
a decrease » _ decrease (Expand Search), _ decreased (Expand Search), _ decreases (Expand Search)
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3241
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3242
Testing set error.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3243
Internal structure of an LSTM cell.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3244
Prediction effect of each model after STL.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3245
The kernel density plot for data of each feature.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3246
Analysis of raw data prediction results.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3247
Flowchart of the STL.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3248
SARIMA predicts season components.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3249
BWO-BiLSTM model prediction results.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3250
Bi-LSTM architecture diagram.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3251
STL Linear Combination Forecast Graph.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3252
LOSS curves for BWO-BiLSTM model training.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3253
Analysis of STL-PCA prediction results.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3254
Accumulated contribution rate of PCA.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3255
Figure of ablation experiment.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3256
Flowchart of the STL-PCA-BWO-BiLSTM model.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3257
Parameter optimization results of BiLSTM.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3258
Descriptive statistical analysis of data.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3259
The MAE value of the model under raw data.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”
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3260
Three error values under raw data.
Published 2025“…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …”