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19641
Moderating effect test I.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19642
Descriptive statistics.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19643
Baseline regression.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19644
Robustness tests I.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19645
Endogeneity tests II.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19646
Endogeneity test I.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19647
Heterogeneity test II.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19648
Robustness tests II.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19649
Heterogeneity test III.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19650
Balance test.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19651
Moderating effect test II.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19652
Variable definitions.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19653
Heterogeneity test I.
Published 2025“…Employing a two-way fixed effects model, the main findings are as follows: (1) Leverage manipulation significantly increases the level of financial risk among real estate firms; (2) Mechanism analysis reveals a collusion effect between controlling shareholders and management, as well as between external auditors and management, both of which significantly amplify the impact of leverage manipulation on financial risk. …”
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19654
Particle size distribution of the raw materials.
Published 2025“…However, as the oil shale residue content further increases, the hydration product gradually decreases, and the microstructure becomes poorer. Therefore, the optimal oil shale residue content is 20%. …”
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19655
Design of alkali activated mortars/ kg·m<sup>−3</sup>.
Published 2025“…However, as the oil shale residue content further increases, the hydration product gradually decreases, and the microstructure becomes poorer. Therefore, the optimal oil shale residue content is 20%. …”
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19656
Mineral composition analysis of raw materials.
Published 2025“…However, as the oil shale residue content further increases, the hydration product gradually decreases, and the microstructure becomes poorer. Therefore, the optimal oil shale residue content is 20%. …”
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19657
Development of a User-Friendly Dynamic Culture System for Decellularized Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering
Published 2025“…Compared to static controls, constructs cultured in our platform exhibited a > 5-fold increase in proliferating (Ki67+) cells and a 32-fold decrease in apoptotic (TUNEL+) cells. Hepatic functions were also significantly enhanced, with increased urea production and markedly higher expression of albumin (∼1.5-fold) and the key metabolic enzymes UGT1 (∼1.4-fold) and CYP2D6 (∼2.7-fold). …”
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19658
The morphology of the oil shale slag.
Published 2025“…However, as the oil shale residue content further increases, the hydration product gradually decreases, and the microstructure becomes poorer. Therefore, the optimal oil shale residue content is 20%. …”
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19659
Enteropathogen detection and fCal levels.
Published 2025“…Samples positive for <i><i>Shigella</i></i> had significantly higher fCal than samples positive for rotavirus. …”
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19660
Schematic diagram of experimental scheme.
Published 2025“…However, as the oil shale residue content further increases, the hydration product gradually decreases, and the microstructure becomes poorer. Therefore, the optimal oil shale residue content is 20%. …”