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significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significant cause » significant change (Expand Search), significant changes (Expand Search), significant gap (Expand Search)
significant bias » significant based (Expand Search), significant gap (Expand Search), significant degs (Expand Search)
significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significant cause » significant change (Expand Search), significant changes (Expand Search), significant gap (Expand Search)
significant bias » significant based (Expand Search), significant gap (Expand Search), significant degs (Expand Search)
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Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Grade system.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Literature search.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Study characteristics.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Flowchart of literature retrieval.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Data extraction.
Published 2025“…Regarding COVID-19 severity, no significant difference were found for asymptomatic (pooled RR 1.18; 95%CI: 0.81–1.72), mild to moderate (pooled RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.84–1.17), severe COVID-19 (pooled RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.92–1.70), hospitalization (pooled RR 0.93; 95%CI: 0.58–1.50) or all-cause mortality (pooled RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.18–1.95) between BCG and placebo groups. …”
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Risk of bias.
Published 2025“…Normally presenting with symptoms such as dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, decreased maximal heart rate, and decreased arterial oxygen saturation. …”
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Overall risk of bias assessment.
Published 2025“…Normally presenting with symptoms such as dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, decreased maximal heart rate, and decreased arterial oxygen saturation. …”
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Sampling scenarios used in our experiments.
Published 2025“…<div><p>Premature birth can be defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, which is a significant global health issue, being the main cause for neonatal deaths. …”
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Hybridsampling triple size models performance.
Published 2025“…<div><p>Premature birth can be defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, which is a significant global health issue, being the main cause for neonatal deaths. …”
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PCA-CGAN model parameter settings.
Published 2025“…Simultaneously, we designed a two-stage conditional encoding-decoding architecture that builds category-independent feature spaces from early training stages, fundamentally breaking the feature space bias caused by the “Matthew effect” and effectively preventing majority classes from compressing minority class features during generation. …”