Supplementary file 1_Biodegradable plastic film mulch increased nitrous oxide emissions in organic leek but decreased emissions in organic cabbages.docx by Martin Samphire (22525445)

Table 1_Fertilization decreases the effect of ammonium nitrogen on microorganisms in Chinese Carex tibetikobresia meadows during rest-grazing.docx by Xuanbo Zhou (19374205)

Data of soil response to nitrogen deposition.xlsx by Runcheng Zhu (20305665)

“…To fill this gap, we conducted an investigation into the effect of different N deposition levels on N-poor soil in tropical regions, aiming to ascertain the response of soil acidification to both increased and decreased N deposition.…”

Coverage of plant species in each plot. by Xuemei Xiang (20756894)

“…With the increase of warming and nitrogen deposition, the Shannon-Wiener index of plants increased first and then decreased. …”

Specifications and effects of heating devices. by Xuemei Xiang (20756894)

“…With the increase of warming and nitrogen deposition, the Shannon-Wiener index of plants increased first and then decreased. …”

Global Land Use Change Impacts on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Environmental Losses by Jing Wang (6206297)

“…By compiling a global data set of 1,782 paired observations from 185 publications, we show that land use conversion from natural to managed ecosystems significantly reduced NNM by 7.5% (−11.5, −2.8%) and increased NN by 150% (86, 194%), indicating decreasing N availability while increasing potential N loss through denitrification and nitrate leaching. …”

Comparative data of different soil samples. by Gourab Saha (8987405)

“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. …”

Structure diagram of ensemble model. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Fitting formula parameter table. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Test plan. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Fitting surface parameters. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Model generalisation validation error analysis. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Empirical model prediction error analysis. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Fitting curve parameters. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Test instrument. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Empirical model establishment process. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Model prediction error trend chart. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Basic physical parameters of red clay. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

BP neural network structure diagram. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”

Structure diagram of GBDT model. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…By developing and validating both empirical and machine learning prediction models, we unravel the evolution of thermal conductivity in response to these factors: within the range of influencing variables, thermal conductivity exhibits an exponential or linear increase with rising water content and dry density, while it decreases exponentially with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. …”