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significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significant rate » significant rates (Expand Search), significant role (Expand Search), significant rise (Expand Search)
rate difference » rate differences (Expand Search), phase difference (Expand Search), time difference (Expand Search)
significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significant rate » significant rates (Expand Search), significant role (Expand Search), significant rise (Expand Search)
rate difference » rate differences (Expand Search), phase difference (Expand Search), time difference (Expand Search)
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The linearly decreasing convergence factor a.
Published 2025“…<div><p>Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) suffers from issues such as premature convergence, low population diversity in the later stages of iteration, slow convergence rate, low convergence accuracy, and an imbalance between exploration and exploitation. …”
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Changes in average income reduction rate of households over time across different income groups.
Published 2024Subjects: