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significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
point decrease » point increase (Expand Search)
significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
point decrease » point increase (Expand Search)
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Amplitude for A/L = 0.29.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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433
Top view of the experimental setup.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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434
Amplitude for A/L = 0.338.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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435
Parameters of energy harvesting.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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436
Graph for Max Amplitude/Length at G<sub>y</sub> = 0.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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437
Amplitude for A/L = 0.02.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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438
Graph for maximum Frequency at G<sub>y</sub> = 0.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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439
Graph for maximum Power at G<sub>y</sub> = 0.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”
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440
Amplitude for A/L = 0.03.
Published 2025“…The flapping frequency, amplitude, and optimal power of the rough cylinders were analyzed and compared with that of smooth cylinders experimentally, and the optimum point () in terms of power was attained. Increased surface roughness significantly reduced power output, flapping frequency, and amplitude. …”