Water level changes in the Caspian Sea. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Methods used to extract shoreline changes. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Coastline variations in different years. Map data were generated with Natural Earth (http://www.naturalearthdata.com/). حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Study area of the Caspian Sea. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Morlet wavelet power spectrum of the sea level. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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(a) Change rates were calculated for each transect along the coastlines from 1985 to 2023; (b) Coastline change rates of the Caspian Sea based on the EPR and LRR. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Water surface transitions from 1984 to 2021. The map data were generated by the Global Surface Water Explorer (https://global-surface-water.appspot.com/faq). حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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The coastline changes of the Aral Sea from 1960 to 2023. Land cover data are from LANDSAT 8 ( حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Coastal area changes during the period 1985–2023. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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(a) Surface area and volume change with water level; (b) Topographic changes in the Caspian Sea. حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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(a) Coastline length changes in the Caspian Sea; (b) LSI changes between 1985 and 2023 (P1 = 1985–1990, P2 = 1990–1995, P3 = 1995–2000, P4 = 2000–2005, P5 = 2005–2010, P6 = 2010–20... حسب Zihao Duan (17403792)

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Loading mode. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Model and meshes. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Shearing forces in the tension zone. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Pile foundation section. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Shearing force in the pressure zone. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Strain-stress maps of vertical pile foundation. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Displacement-inclination variation graph. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Soil modeling and mechanical parameters. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"

Location of monitored piles. حسب Maogang Tian (21485116)

"…Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that the pile base displacement exhibits a non-linear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with larger inclination angles of the inclined piles. …"