Ignition delay process shot by high-speed camera. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Data disclosure (Bai - manuscript). حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Experimental bench and corresponding facility. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Three classic combustion stages of the flame. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Flame binarization image processing flow. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Experimental condition of fixed oil drop volume. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Schematic diagram of experimental injector size. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Droplet boiling modes at different temperatures. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Risk Classification Diagram of Hot Surface. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Physical parameters of engine lubricating oil. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Variation of heat flow with wall temperature. حسب Lei Bai (631944)

"…With spray hole diameters ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, the fractal dimensions of all droplet flames appear at around 2.6 seconds, but the values of <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> vary significantly. As the spray hole diameter (<i>S</i>) decreases, <i>D</i>_<i>max</i> approaches 2. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"

Lubrication Behavior of Fullerene-Coated Nanoparticles on Rough Surfaces حسب Guangchao Han (1453198)

"…The optimal nanoparticle concentration reaches approximately 88.8% under high-load conditions, with each 3.55% increase in concentration resulting in a 0.45% reduction in structural deformation and a 0.59 nN decrease in friction. …"