Part of the sample diagram. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Load displacement curve in neutral solution. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Microbial erosion diagram. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Physical parameters. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Horizontal survey line distance diagram. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Displacement field X₁OY₁ coordinate. by Wen Wang (6570)

“…Fracture toughness decreased as the angle between the crack and loading direction diminished. …”

Structure diagram of ensemble model. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Fitting formula parameter table. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Test plan. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Fitting surface parameters. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Model generalisation validation error analysis. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Empirical model prediction error analysis. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Fitting curve parameters. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Test instrument. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Empirical model establishment process. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Model prediction error trend chart. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Basic physical parameters of red clay. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

BP neural network structure diagram. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Structure diagram of GBDT model. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”

Model prediction error analysis index. by Hongqi Wang (2208238)

“…Comparative analysis highlights the significant enhancement in prediction accuracy achieved by the proposed ensemble model over single machine learning models, with root mean square error (RMSE) values below 0.05 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values remaining under 2.5% in both frozen and unfrozen states. …”