Seasonal statistics of PM2.5 concentrations in Pavlodar, May 2024–January 2025. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Scatter plots of predicted versus actual PM2.5 values (μg/m³) for selected models representing different methodological approaches and performance levels: (a) XGB Seq2Se... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Research-flowchart-final-fixed. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Distribution of PM2.5 concentrations in Pavlodar (May 2024–January 2025): (left) histogram with probability density function showing mean and median values; (right) Q-Q plot demons... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Hourly PM2.5 data completeness visualization after quality checks and outlier removal. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Temporal distribution of PM2.5 WHO daily threshold exceedances (May 2024–January 2025). حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Distribution of residuals from the logarithmic regression model of PM2.5 concentrations. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Correlation heatmap between PM2.5 and temporal features. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Examples of 12-hour gap filling in PM2.5 time series (μg/m³) by representative models with varying performance: (a) XGB Seq2Seq, (b) RF Seq2Seq, (c) UniSeq2Seq XGB, (d)... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Aggregated scatter plots of predicted vs. true PM2.5 values across all gap lengths: (a) UniSeq2Seq XGB, (b) UniSeq2Seq XGB Multi, (c) XGB Seq2Seq, (d) XGB Seq2Seq Multi. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Hourly, monthly, and day-of-week trends in PM2.5 concentrations with 95% confidence intervals: (a) mean PM2.5 by hour of day, (b) mean PM2.5 by month, and (c) mean PM2.5 by day of... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Distribution of Air Quality Index (AQI) in the study area. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Monthly statistics of PM2.5 concentrations in Pavlodar, May 2024–January 2025. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Primary software libraries used in this study. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Secondary outlier detection in hourly aggregated PM2.5 measurements, highlighting abnormal spikes (red points) identified by exceeding threshold criteria (>270 µg/m³) or... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Scatter plot of predicted versus actual log-transformed PM2.5 concentrations from the logarithmic regression model. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Distribution of PM2.5 Concentrations Across Meteorological Parameters: (a) air temperature, (b) relative humidity, (c) wind speed, and (d) wind direction. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Temporal dynamics of PM2.5 concentrations in Pavlodar (May 2024–January 2025): (upper) hourly values showing high-frequency variability and extreme events; (lower) daily average va... حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Correlation matrix between PM2.5 and meteorological parameters. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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Monthly distribution of Air Quality Index (AQI) categories. حسب Ruslan Safarov (15322669)

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