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a decrease » _ decrease (Expand Search), _ decreased (Expand Search), _ decreases (Expand Search)
significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
gy decreased » _ decreased (Expand Search), _ decrease (Expand Search), _ decreases (Expand Search)
a decrease » _ decrease (Expand Search), _ decreased (Expand Search), _ decreases (Expand Search)
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7941
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7942
Example of sample data.
Published 2025“…In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. …”
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7943
Mean parameter values for the selected crops.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7944
Performance comparison of ML models.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7945
Comparative data of different soil samples.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7946
Confusion matrix of random forest model.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7947
Structure of BPNN.
Published 2025“…In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. …”
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7948
The workflow of EGA-BPNN.
Published 2025“…In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. …”
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7949
S1 Data -
Published 2025“…In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. …”
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7950
Sensor value scenario for fuzzy logic algorithm.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7951
Algorithm flow of the GA-BPNN model.
Published 2025“…In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. …”
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7952
Evaluation metrics of selected ML models.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7953
Block diagram of the proposed system.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7954
Chart for applicable amount of fertilizers.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7955
Cost analysis of irrigation controller unit.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7956
Run times of two algorithms.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7957
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7958
Modeling method used.
Published 2025“…The most influential variables for predicting larval presence were the mean of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), texture indices from both NDVI, brightness index (BI), and the panchromatic image. Urban vegetation significantly influences larval presence, although higher vegetation index values correlate with a decreased probability of larval occurrence. …”
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7959
Flow chart of Fuzzy Logic based control system.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”
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7960
Block diagram for IoT-based irrigation system.
Published 2025“…<div><p>As the world population is increasing day by day, so is the need for more advanced automated precision agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food while decreasing labor work and saving water for crops. Recently, there have been many studies done in this field, but very few discuss implementing smart technologies to present a combined sustainable farming system. …”