Update on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a piezolyte and cryoprotectant: its role in a depth limit for marine fishes and loss from hadal fish during capture حسب Paul Yancey (14354982)

"…Positive selection of the TMAO-producing enzyme gene <i>fmo3</i> in supergiant amphipods (Liu et al. 2022) and in the Mariana Snailfish (with more putative promoters compared to <i>fmo3</i> in shallower teleosts; Wang et al. 2019), plus and increased number of <i>fmo3</i> genes in the Yap Trench snailfish (Mu et al. 2021), add strong support to the TMAO-piezolyte hypothesis. For teleosts, we have hypothesized that the need for TMAO may prevent fishes from living at the greatest depths (Jamieson and Yancey 2012). …"