The cleft width at three timepoints: (A) at the patient’s birth, (B) at cheiloplasty, and (C) at palatoplasty. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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The number, age, and weight of the patients with cleft lip and palate in the velar adhesion VA group and non-VA group. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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Measurement of the patients’ dental cast models. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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The dental arch length at three timepoints: (A) at the patient’s birth, (B) at cheiloplasty, and (C) at palatoplasty. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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The alveolar width at three timepoints: (A) at the patient’s birth, (B) at cheiloplasty, and (C) at palatoplasty. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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Velar adhesion (VA). by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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(A) The incidence of OME in the VA group compared to the non-VA group. (B) The rate of tympanostomy tube insertion in the VA group and non-VA group. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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The dental arch width at three timepoints: (A) at the patient’s birth, (B) at cheiloplasty, and (C) at palatoplasty. by Miki Kashiwagi (21439684)

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Summary of the expected results with corresponding hypotheses. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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The Ishihara test for colourblindness [41] encompasses stimuli that can determine the degree and type of colourblindness a person has. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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The demographics questionnaire includes questions about age, education, gender and employment. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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RTs (in ms, bars) and ACC (in%, line) across time points, with 95% confidence interval. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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RTs (in ms, bars) and ACC (in %, line) for the rebound effect, with 95% confidence interval. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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The Samn-Perelli Scale is a 7-point Likert scale used to assess fatigue [42, 45]. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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Examples of different stimuli for all subtasks of the task. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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The St Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was used to estimate the sleep quality on the previous night. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is a 9-point Likert scale, ranging from “extremely 1 = alert” to “9 = extremely sleepy–fighting sleep” [44]. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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RTs (in ms, bars) and ACC (in %, line) for each simplified task-rule congruency condition, with 95% confidence interval. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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Summary of demographics: Left: Distribution of age; Right: Distribution of handedness as assessed by the EDI [40]. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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Schema of the experimental procedure. by Marcel F. Hinss (14675457)

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