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significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significantly rate » significantly greater (Expand Search), significantly related (Expand Search), significantly faster (Expand Search)
rate difference » rate differences (Expand Search), phase difference (Expand Search), time difference (Expand Search)
significant decrease » significant increase (Expand Search), significantly increased (Expand Search)
significantly rate » significantly greater (Expand Search), significantly related (Expand Search), significantly faster (Expand Search)
rate difference » rate differences (Expand Search), phase difference (Expand Search), time difference (Expand Search)
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The linearly decreasing convergence factor a.
Published 2025“…<div><p>Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) suffers from issues such as premature convergence, low population diversity in the later stages of iteration, slow convergence rate, low convergence accuracy, and an imbalance between exploration and exploitation. …”
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