LOSS curves for BWO-BiLSTM model training. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Definitions of variables and measurements. حسب Getachew Magnar Kitila (19935139)

"…The empirical findings show that greater trade openness is associated with significantly higher CO2 emission, additionally; it demonstrates that the influence is heterogeneous across different CO2 emission quantiles in African countries. …"

Analysis of STL-PCA prediction results. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Accumulated contribution rate of PCA. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Regression estimates: Double threshold model. حسب Getachew Magnar Kitila (19935139)

"…The empirical findings show that greater trade openness is associated with significantly higher CO2 emission, additionally; it demonstrates that the influence is heterogeneous across different CO2 emission quantiles in African countries. …"

Figure of ablation experiment. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Results from cross sectional dependence test. حسب Getachew Magnar Kitila (19935139)

"…The empirical findings show that greater trade openness is associated with significantly higher CO2 emission, additionally; it demonstrates that the influence is heterogeneous across different CO2 emission quantiles in African countries. …"

Flowchart of the STL-PCA-BWO-BiLSTM model. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Parameter optimization results of BiLSTM. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Descriptive statistical analysis of data. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

The MAE value of the model under raw data. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Three error values under raw data. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Panel quantile regression results. حسب Getachew Magnar Kitila (19935139)

"…The empirical findings show that greater trade openness is associated with significantly higher CO2 emission, additionally; it demonstrates that the influence is heterogeneous across different CO2 emission quantiles in African countries. …"

Decomposition of time scries plot. حسب Xiangjuan Liu (618000)

"…First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.6% reduction in average MAE compared to raw data modeling. …"

Achieving Improved Ion Swarm Shaping Based on Ion Leakage Control in Ion Mobility Spectrometry حسب Jiyao Wang (2121157)

"…In Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), ion gates are essential for controlling ion flow, significantly impacting detection sensitivity and resolution. …"

AO/EtBr Staining of Cancer cell lines: <i>To check whether vitamin D3 promoted cell death in cancer cells, a dual staining protocol was implemented as detailed in the methods secti... حسب Vidya G. Bettada (22208808)

Dynamics and functional role of TOR signaling during cell cycle re-entry in Vasa2+/Piwi1+ cells after refeeding. حسب Eudald Pascual-Carreras (12115380)

Gating strategy of experiment using 30 min EdU pulses experiments in mOr2-Piwi1 juvenile polyps. حسب Eudald Pascual-Carreras (12115380)

BPCA ratios and proxies evaluated in this study. The variable <i>n</i> in the equation for the Average CAS refers to the number of carboxylic acid substitutions (3, 4, 5 or 6). The... حسب Ivy Notterpek (21368133)

Model-averaged coefficients, significance, and relative importance (RI) of the predictor variables for the GLMMs to evaluate effects on: (A) overall pollinator abundance; (B) fruit... حسب Carmelo Gómez-Martínez (9384385)