Characteristics of the studied populations at the time of study sampling. by Maria Raffaella Petrara (4446358)

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Free diagram of forces exerted on the control mass . by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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(a) The diameter distribution of magnetic nanoparticles and (b) the magnetization curve of the ferrofluid. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Magnetic flux density in the x and z directions against the distance from the magnet. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Ferrofluid droplet generation on a functional wedged surface atθ = 20°, Q = 5 ml h^-‍1 and L = 10 mm. τ = t_breakup -t represents the remaining time until the d... by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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(a) The proposed system for the parallel generation of ferrofluid droplets is inspired by cactus geometry. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Schematic of the experimental setup for the generation of ferrofluid droplets using a magnet. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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The proposed system for the formation of water droplets under gravity. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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(a) Dimensionless diameter and (b) droplet generation frequency versus the magnet distance from the vertex of the hydrophilic surface for different ferrofluid injection rates and t... by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Parallel Ferrofluid Droplet Generation on a 2-D Nozzle with 2 Branches. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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(a) Convex, triangular, and concave geometry at a constant vertex angle. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Process of Ferrofluid Droplet Generation on a Functional Wedged Surface at θ = 20°, Q = 5 ml h^-‍1 and L = 10 mm. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Values of geometry function for some typical hydrophilic surface geometries. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Non-dimensional diameter of droplets versus magnetic and gravitational Bond Number. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Comparison of measured contact angle of ferrofluid droplets on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Radial Ferrofluid Droplet Generation on a 2-D Star-Shaped Nozzle with 4 Vertices. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Radial Ferrofluid Droplet Generation on a 2-D Star-Shaped Nozzle with 3 Vertices. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Variations of (a) non-dimensional diameter and (b) the frequency of droplet generation in terms of the tilting angle for different water flow rates. by Amirhossein Favakeh (21417884)

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Comparison with Existing Studies. by Na Zhao (112953)

“…The results indicate that: (1) the presence of pores prolongs both the time to failure and the onset of the AE burst stage, with longer durations observed at higher pore dip angles; (2) AE signal amplitude and frequency vary significantly across different loading stages, and the b-value exhibits an “increase–fluctuation–decrease” trend, with the decreasing stage serving as a precursor to rock instability; (3) pore dip angle strongly influences crack propagation types: dip angles of 0°–30° favor axial cracks and through-going wing cracks, 45°–75° angles tend to induce co-planar and wing crack connectivity, while 90° angles cause crack deviation, hindering through-going failure; (4) intact rock fails in a tensile–shear mixed mode, whereas the number of shear cracks in rocks with pores initially increases and then decreases with dip angle, reaching a maximum at 45°, resulting in shear-dominated failure. …”

Specimen Preparation and Experimental Setup. by Na Zhao (112953)

“…The results indicate that: (1) the presence of pores prolongs both the time to failure and the onset of the AE burst stage, with longer durations observed at higher pore dip angles; (2) AE signal amplitude and frequency vary significantly across different loading stages, and the b-value exhibits an “increase–fluctuation–decrease” trend, with the decreasing stage serving as a precursor to rock instability; (3) pore dip angle strongly influences crack propagation types: dip angles of 0°–30° favor axial cracks and through-going wing cracks, 45°–75° angles tend to induce co-planar and wing crack connectivity, while 90° angles cause crack deviation, hindering through-going failure; (4) intact rock fails in a tensile–shear mixed mode, whereas the number of shear cracks in rocks with pores initially increases and then decreases with dip angle, reaching a maximum at 45°, resulting in shear-dominated failure. …”