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Overview of the proposed simple CNN for extracting features from CT scan images.
Published 2025Subjects: -
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Visualization of color maps using Grad-CAM for different lung cancer classes.
Published 2025Subjects: -
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Class distribution for 5-class classification.
Published 2025“…Six machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, were applied and their performance was investigated in balanced and unbalanced data sets with respect to binary and multiclass classification scenarios. …”
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Class distribution for 3-class classification.
Published 2025“…Six machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, were applied and their performance was investigated in balanced and unbalanced data sets with respect to binary and multiclass classification scenarios. …”
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Dataset 1: Zip file containing the figures of the presented methods and results in jpeg files
Published 2025“…<p dir="ltr">Figures represented here illustrates the <b>metaheuristic-based band selection framework</b> for hyperspectral image classification using <b>Binary Jaya Algorithm enhanced with a mutation operator</b> to improve population diversity and avoid premature convergence. …”
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Flow diagram of the proposed model.
Published 2025“…Clinical, demographic, and supplement variables were preprocessed into 21 predictors. Four algorithms (K-Nearest Neighbors, Classification and Regression Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest) were implemented alongside their LR–ABC hybrid counterparts. …”
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Feature selection results.
Published 2025“…Further integrate the binary variant of OcOA (bOcOA) for effective feature selection, which reduces the average classification error to 0.4237 and increases CNN accuracy to 93.48%. …”
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ANOVA test result.
Published 2025“…Further integrate the binary variant of OcOA (bOcOA) for effective feature selection, which reduces the average classification error to 0.4237 and increases CNN accuracy to 93.48%. …”
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Summary of literature review.
Published 2025“…Further integrate the binary variant of OcOA (bOcOA) for effective feature selection, which reduces the average classification error to 0.4237 and increases CNN accuracy to 93.48%. …”
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