Flowchart of the optimization model solving algorithm. by Yihan Liu (2258221)

The operating boundaries and control variables of the suggested algorithms. by Ahmed A. Zaki Diab (12757190)

Kepler optimization algorithm. by Jiangli Yu (4601986)

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Flowchart of the operation of TLK-DBO algorithm. by Zhihao Li (359073)

Optimized PID controller parameters obtained using the four optimization algorithms. by Yanling Lv (327106)

Schematic diagram of the multi-objective optimization algorithm. by Zhijian Qu (6920060)

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Flowchart of arithmetic optimization algorithm for tracking MPP. by Maheshwari Adaikkappan (20485792)

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Receiver operating characteristic curves for different algorithms. by Yingying Liu (360782)

Optimized unbalanced train operation chart. by Zhipeng Huang (1759759)

“…A bi-level programming model is formulated: the upper level optimizes train operations and fare structures, while the lower level employs user equilibrium (UE) theory to distribute OD passenger demands across trains. …”

Fitness value convergence of the four optimization algorithms. by Yanling Lv (327106)

Operation curve comparison among the EITO algorithms. by Yunhu Huang (21402795)

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Operation curve comparison among the EITO algorithms. by Yunhu Huang (21402795)

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Optimal scheduling sequence of IACO algorithm. by Pengfei Huang (552512)

“…Through case studies, we have demonstrated the superior performance of this algorithm in addressing relevant problems. The results show that, in terms of truck operational costs, the improved algorithm reduces costs by 10.96% and 3.02% compared to traditional Ant Colony Optimization and Variable Neighborhood Search algorithms, respectively, and by 4.89% compared to manual scheduling. …”

Beluga Whale Optimization algorithm flow chart. by Manxian Yang (20521600)

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Inventory operation efficiency dimension. by Qingbo Tu (22641033)

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Algorithm operation steps. by Junyan Wang (4738518)

“…To address these issues, this paper proposes an improved object detection algorithm named SCI-YOLO11, which optimizes the YOLO11 framework from three aspects: feature extraction, attention mechanism, and loss function. …”

The values of operation and protection indices obtained from optimization. by Mohammad Hassan Tanha (19832141)

Comparison of different algorithms. by Zhijian Qu (6920060)

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Comparison of various operation indexes for IEE 33-bus system based on all algorithms. by Ahmed A. Zaki Diab (12757190)

Comparison of the results of optimizing BP with different algorithms. by Peiwen Zhang (1863202)