Search alternatives:
larger decrease » marked decrease (Expand Search)
lower decrease » linear decrease (Expand Search), we decrease (Expand Search), showed decreased (Expand Search)
teer decrease » greater decrease (Expand Search)
larger decrease » marked decrease (Expand Search)
lower decrease » linear decrease (Expand Search), we decrease (Expand Search), showed decreased (Expand Search)
teer decrease » greater decrease (Expand Search)
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3D Nanoscale Structures of Hydrated Polyamide Desalination Membranes Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published 2025“…Both SW and BW membranes swell and increase in total volume and thickness upon hydration, with BW membranes exhibiting more pronounced swelling (32% vs 7% in volume and 35% vs 11% in effective thickness), primarily due to the lower degree of cross-linking of BW membranes. Additionally, while the surface area decreases upon hydration for both SW and BW membranes, indicating a smoothing of surface nodules and cavities, surface roughness remains unchanged, suggesting that current roughness measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy do not capture intrinsic morphological features. …”
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3491
3D Nanoscale Structures of Hydrated Polyamide Desalination Membranes Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published 2025“…Both SW and BW membranes swell and increase in total volume and thickness upon hydration, with BW membranes exhibiting more pronounced swelling (32% vs 7% in volume and 35% vs 11% in effective thickness), primarily due to the lower degree of cross-linking of BW membranes. Additionally, while the surface area decreases upon hydration for both SW and BW membranes, indicating a smoothing of surface nodules and cavities, surface roughness remains unchanged, suggesting that current roughness measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy do not capture intrinsic morphological features. …”
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3492
3D Nanoscale Structures of Hydrated Polyamide Desalination Membranes Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published 2025“…Both SW and BW membranes swell and increase in total volume and thickness upon hydration, with BW membranes exhibiting more pronounced swelling (32% vs 7% in volume and 35% vs 11% in effective thickness), primarily due to the lower degree of cross-linking of BW membranes. Additionally, while the surface area decreases upon hydration for both SW and BW membranes, indicating a smoothing of surface nodules and cavities, surface roughness remains unchanged, suggesting that current roughness measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy do not capture intrinsic morphological features. …”
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