Search alternatives:
greater decrease » greatest decrease (Expand Search), greater increase (Expand Search), greater disease (Expand Search)
lower decrease » larger decrease (Expand Search), linear decrease (Expand Search), teer decrease (Expand Search)
greater decrease » greatest decrease (Expand Search), greater increase (Expand Search), greater disease (Expand Search)
lower decrease » larger decrease (Expand Search), linear decrease (Expand Search), teer decrease (Expand Search)
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3641
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3642
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3643
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3644
Basic characteristics included in the study.
Published 2025“…A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I<sup>2</sup> ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. …”
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3645
Publication bias of the risk of all groups.
Published 2025“…A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I<sup>2</sup> ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. …”
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3646
Study selection process.
Published 2025“…A fixed-effects model was applied if P > 0.1 and I<sup>2</sup> ≤ 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used to account for significant heterogeneity Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. …”
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3647
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3648
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3649
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3650
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3651
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3652
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3653
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3654
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3655
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3656
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3657
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3658
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3659
3D Nanoscale Structures of Hydrated Polyamide Desalination Membranes Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published 2025“…Both SW and BW membranes swell and increase in total volume and thickness upon hydration, with BW membranes exhibiting more pronounced swelling (32% vs 7% in volume and 35% vs 11% in effective thickness), primarily due to the lower degree of cross-linking of BW membranes. Additionally, while the surface area decreases upon hydration for both SW and BW membranes, indicating a smoothing of surface nodules and cavities, surface roughness remains unchanged, suggesting that current roughness measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy do not capture intrinsic morphological features. …”
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3660
3D Nanoscale Structures of Hydrated Polyamide Desalination Membranes Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published 2025“…Both SW and BW membranes swell and increase in total volume and thickness upon hydration, with BW membranes exhibiting more pronounced swelling (32% vs 7% in volume and 35% vs 11% in effective thickness), primarily due to the lower degree of cross-linking of BW membranes. Additionally, while the surface area decreases upon hydration for both SW and BW membranes, indicating a smoothing of surface nodules and cavities, surface roughness remains unchanged, suggesting that current roughness measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy do not capture intrinsic morphological features. …”